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©The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Transplant. Mar 18, 2026; 16(1): 111869
Published online Mar 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i1.111869
Published online Mar 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i1.111869
Ocular complications after liver transplantation: A comprehensive review of infectious and non-infectious etiologies
Mannat Kaur, Department of Ophthalmogy, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, United States
Jasmine Arora, Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Amritsar, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
Mohammad Naseem, Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, Delhi, India
Anmol Singh, Department of Medicine, Tristar Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
Vikash Kumar, Aalam Sohal, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
Author contributions: Kaur M, Sohal A, Singh A conceptualized and designed the study. Kaur M, Arora J, Naseem M conducted the literature review, created the artwork, interpreted data and drafted the original manuscript. Sohal A, Kumar V, Singh A supervised the study and made critical revisions.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Aalam Sohal, MD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 3216 NE 45th Pl Suite 212, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States. aalamsohal@gmail.com
Received: July 11, 2025
Revised: July 30, 2025
Accepted: November 4, 2025
Published online: March 18, 2026
Processing time: 187 Days and 15.8 Hours
Revised: July 30, 2025
Accepted: November 4, 2025
Published online: March 18, 2026
Processing time: 187 Days and 15.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Liver transplant recipients are at risk of various ophthalmic complications, both infectious and non-infectious due to immunosuppression and drug toxicity. Infectious complications from pathogens like cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Candida and Aspergillus require prompt diagnosis and treatment to preserve vision. Non-infectious manifestations include retinal vascular changes, cataracts, dry eye disease and neoplasms like post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Early recognition, vigilant monitoring and management are essential to improve patient outcomes in this population.