Intra-islet endothelial cell and β-cell crosstalk: Implication for islet cell transplantation

Abstract

The intra-islet microvasculature is a critical interface between the blood and islet endocrine cells governing a number of cellular and pathophysiological processes associated with the pancreatic tissue. A growing body of evidence indicates a strong functional and physical interdependency of β-cells with endothelial cells (ECs), the building blocks of islet microvasculature. Intra-islet ECs, actively regulate vascular permeability and appear to play a role in fine-tuning blood glucose sensing and regulation. These cells also tend to behave as “guardians”, controlling the expression and movement of a number of important immune mediators, thereby strongly contributing to the physiology of islets. This review will focus on the molecular signalling and crosstalk between the intra-islet ECs and β-cells and how their relationship can be a potential target for intervention strategies in islet pathology and islet transplantation.

Keywords: Islets; Endothelial cells; Islet cell transplantation; Beta-cells; Microvasculature; Paracrine signalling

Core tip: This review article summarizes recent developments in the cross-talk relationship between intra-islet endothelial cells and beta cells. The molecules involved in the signalling pathways can be potential targets for therapeutic strategies and islet transplantation.