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World J Transplant. Dec 24, 2015; 5(4): 267-275
Published online Dec 24, 2015. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i4.267
Dynamics of circulating microparticles in chronic kidney disease and transplantation: Is it really reliable marker?
Ismail Dursun, Sibel Yel, Emel Unsur
Ismail Dursun, Emel Unsur, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38200 Kayseri, Turkey
Sibel Yel, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emel Mehmet Tarman Children Hospital, Kayseri Teaching and Training Hospital, 38100 Kayseri, Turkey
Author contributions: Dursun I and Yel S equally contributed to coordinate the study and reviewed the literature; Unsur E edited the manuscript; all authors wrote and approved the final graft.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest. No financial support.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Ismail Dursun, MD, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Melikgazi, 38200 Kayseri, Turkey. drdursun@hotmail.com
Telephone: +90-505-9067145 Fax: +90-352-4375825
Received: July 26, 2015
Peer-review started: July 27, 2015
First decision: August 25, 2015
Revised: October 9, 2015
Accepted: November 3, 2015
Article in press: November 4, 2015
Published online: December 24, 2015
Processing time: 150 Days and 6.1 Hours
Abstract

The deterioration of endothelial structure plays a very important role in the development of vascular diseases. It is believed that endothelial dysfunction starts in the early stage of kidney disease and is a risk factor of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis. Because a direct assessment of biological states in endothelial cells is not applicable, the measurement of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) detached from endothelium during activation or apoptosis is thought to be a marker of early vascular disease and endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have shown increased circulating EMPs and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. MPs contain membrane proteins and cytosolic material derived from the cell from which they originate. EMPs having CD144, CD 146, CD31+/CD41-, CD51 and CD105 may be used to evaluate the vascular endothelial cell damage and determine asymptomatic patients who might be at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in CKD and renal transplant.

Keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; Endothelial microparticles; Kidney transplantation; Chronic kidney disease

Core tip: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity even after renal transplantation. Classical cardiovascular risk factors are insufficient to explain the entire story in the development of atherosclerosis. The existence of endothelial dysfunction may serve as a marker of a poor cardiovascular outcome. The need for a reliable and clinically significant marker of early vascular disease and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis and early detection of graft rejection in renal transplant recipients is emerging. Although the precise molecular mechanism of microparticle formation is not clear, it has recently emerged as a marker of vascular disease. The dynamics of circulating endothelial microparticles in CKD and transplantation will be reviewed in this manuscript.