Protocol for a global electronic Delphi on integrating artificial intelligence into solid organ transplantation

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation. From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosuppressive therapy, AI has the potential to improve both operational efficiency and patient outcomes. Despite these advancements, the perspectives of transplant professionals - those at the forefront of critical decision-making - remain insufficiently explored. To address this gap, this study utilizes a multi-round electronic Delphi approach to gather and analyses insights from global experts involved in organ transplantation. Participants are invited to complete structured surveys capturing demographic data, professional roles, institutional practices, and prior exposure to AI technologies. The survey also explores perceptions of AI’s potential benefits. Quantitative responses are analyzed using descriptive statistics, while open-ended qualitative responses undergo thematic analysis. Preliminary findings indicate a generally positive outlook on AI’s role in enhancing transplantation processes, particularly in areas such as donor matching and post-operative care. These mixed views reflect both optimism and caution among professionals tasked with integrating new technologies into high-stakes clinical workflows. By capturing a wide range of expert opinions, the findings will inform future policy development, regulatory considerations, and institutional readiness frameworks for the integration of AI into organ transplantation.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Solid organ transplantation; Electronic Delphi; Expert consensus; Donor matching; Digital health

Core Tip: This study uniquely captures the collective insights of global transplantation experts on the integration of artificial intelligence, using an electronic Delphi approach to identify consensus, concerns, and implementation barriers - providing a critical foundation for ethically grounded and clinically relevant artificial intelligence adoption in organ transplantation. Initial findings show a globally positive outlook on artificial intelligence’s role in supporting transplantation processes, especially in donor matching and post-operative care areas. This should be considered with caution among professionals implementing the new technologies into high-stakes clinical practice.