Avramidou E, Kougianos N, Chiotis-Miehe G, Vasileiadou S, Katsanos G, Tsoulfas G. ChatGPT in liver transplantation: Current applications, limitations, and future directions. World J Transplant 2026; 16(1): 110485 [DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i1.110485]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Eleni Avramidou, MD, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Street, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece. avramidoue@auth.gr
Research Domain of This Article
Transplantation
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Mar 18, 2026 (publication date) through Jan 14, 2026
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Journal Information of This Article
Publication Name
World Journal of Transplantation
ISSN
2220-3230
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Avramidou E, Kougianos N, Chiotis-Miehe G, Vasileiadou S, Katsanos G, Tsoulfas G. ChatGPT in liver transplantation: Current applications, limitations, and future directions. World J Transplant 2026; 16(1): 110485 [DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i1.110485]
Eleni Avramidou, Stella Vasileiadou, Georgios Katsanos, Georgios Tsoulfas, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
Nikolaos Kougianos, George Chiotis-Miehe, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
Author contributions: Avramidou E conceptualized the idea, visualized, collected, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Kougianos N collected and analyzed the data; and wrote the manuscript; Chiotis-Miehe G collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Vasileiadou S critically reviewed the manuscript; Katsanos G critically reviewed the manuscript; Tsoulfas G supervised, assisted with the data curation, and edited the manuscript; and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Eleni Avramidou, MD, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Street, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece. avramidoue@auth.gr
Received: June 9, 2025 Revised: August 13, 2025 Accepted: December 17, 2025 Published online: March 18, 2026 Processing time: 221 Days and 14.9 Hours
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers, including organ allocation, donor-recipient matching, and patient education, persist. With the growing progress of artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, new applications have emerged in the field of LT. Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application, from clinical settings to research and education. ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals, by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work, but also LT recipients by providing accurate information. Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork. Additionally, the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability. Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications, there are certain ethical and practical limitations. Key concerns include patient data privacy, information accuracy, misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework. Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT. The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT, highlighting both opportunities and limitations, while also providing future possible applications.
Core Tip: ChatGPT is an advanced artificial intelligence tool that recently has an expanding role in the field of medicine. Particularly, in the field of liver transplantation (LT) it offers promising applications in clinical, research and educational fields. Current applications include documentation, organ allocation assistance and patient education. Despite future applications suggesting expanding usage of this tool in LT, limitations in data accuracy and ethical concerns remain, with establishment of structured guidelines being essential. This minireview presents the current literature regarding applications of ChatGPT in LT as well as its limitations and future applications.
