Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and its association with tumor invasion, survival, and psychological status

Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathological parameters between alcohol dehydrogenase 4 high and low expression groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Clinicopathological parameter	High expression (n = 74)	Low expression/negative (n = 74)	Statistical value (t or χ² or Z)	P value
Age (years)	52.3 ± 8.5	53.1 ± 9.2	-0.582	0.561
Male	52 (70.3)	54 (73.0)	0.257	0.612
Tumor size (cm)	4.5 ± 1.8	6.2 ± 2.5	-4.218	< 0.001
Tumor size
< 5 cm	47 (62.8)	28 (37.8)	10.324	0.001
≥ 5 cm	27 (37.2)	46 (62.2)
Tumor number			2.836	0.092
Single	58 (78.4)	49 (66.2)
Multiple	16 (21.6)	25 (33.8)
Differentiation degree			0.432	< 0.001
Well	20 (27.0)	6 (8.1)
Moderate	38 (51.4)	30 (40.5)
Poor	16 (21.6)	38 (51.4)
Microvascular invasion			22.563	< 0.001
Yes	24 (32.4)	54 (73.0)
No	50 (67.6)	20 (27.0)
Hepatitis B virus infection			0.085	0.770
Positive	61 (82.4)	62 (83.8)
Negative	13 (17.6)	12 (16.2)
Cirrhosis			0.365	0.546
Yes	45 (60.8)	48 (64.9)
No	29 (39.2)	26 (35.1)
1-year survival	61 (82.4)	45 (60.8)	15.347	< 0.001
3-year survival	41 (55.4)	22 (29.7)	-	-
Recurrence status			10.072	0.001
Recurred	26 (35.1)	45 (60.8)
Not recurred	48 (64.9)	29 (39.2)
Median survival time (months)	38.2 ± 4.5	25.6 ± 3.8	4.893	< 0.001

Table 2 Cox regression analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase 4 expression and survival prognosis

Factor	Univariate HR (95%CI)	Multivariate HR (95%CI)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 low expression	0.402 (0.268-0.603)	0.486 (0.305-0.775)
Large tumor size	2.135 (1.426-3.192)	1.768 (1.135-2.750)
Microvascular invasion positive	2.568 (1.734-3.797)	2.047 (1.315-3.186)

Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 low expression is an independent poor prognostic factor. HR: Hazard ratio.