Psychological stress response and intervention strategies for elderly patients with hip fractures during the prehospital emergency period

Table 1 Comparison of general characteristics between the two groups, mean ± SD

Baseline indicators	Control group	Observation group	t/χ2	P value
Group	40	40
Age (years)	73.10 ± 3.15	72.92 ± 4.21	0.217	0.830
BMI (kg/m2)	23.76 ± 2.25	23.69 ± 2.22	0.140	0.889
Gender (n)			0.450	0.502
Male	21	18
Female	19	22
Affected side			1.805	0.179
Left side	22	16
Right side	18	24
History of anxiety and depression	10	9	0.069	0.793
Educational background			0.222	0.895
Junior high school or below	25	23
High school	10	11
College or above	5	6
Monthly income (1000 CNY)	5.29 ± 0.98	5.33 ± 0.86	0.194	0.847

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of emergency-related indicators between the two groups (mean ± SD, minutes)

Group	n	Rescue time	Time spent on related examinations	Time spent on emergency transfer to surgery	Time spent from the emergency to the ward
Control group	40	36.12 ± 4.23	18.25 ± 2.25	14.23 ± 3.23	63.56 ± 5.56
Observation group	40	21.15 ± 2.22	12.48 ± 1.28	8.56 ± 2.18	46.89 ± 4.34
t		19.819	14.097	9.202	14.948
P value		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

Table 3 Comparison of Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Compliance Scores between the two groups (mean ± SD, points)

Group	n	HAM-A		HAM-D		Compliance
		Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Control group	40	23.34 ± 3.12	13.56 ± 2.89a	17.65 ± 2.23	11.12 ± 2.49a	9.13 ± 1.44	13.97 ± 1.48a
Observation group	40	23.56 ± 3.08	11.23 ± 1.45a	17.45 ± 2.18	8.01 ± 1.21a	8.99 ± 1.51	15.06 ± 1.36a
t		0.317	4.558	0.406	7.105	0.424	3.430
P value		0.752	< 0.01	0.686	< 0.01	0.673	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05, compared with before intervention.

HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.

Table 4 Comparison of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate levels between the two groups

Group	n	Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)		Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)		Heart rate (beats/minutes)
		Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Control group	40	125.23 ± 5.12	121.56 ± 4.34a	92.12 ± 4.23	90.56 ± 3.18a	88.56 ± 5.89	84.12 ± 3.65a
Observation group	40	125.56 ± 5.08	118.89 ± 2.67a	92.34 ± 4.18	85.87 ± 2.56a	88.78 ± 5.92	80.45 ± 2.21a
t		0.289	3.314	0.234	7.266	0.167	5.440
P value		0.773	< 0.01	0.816	< 0.01	0.868	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05, compared with before intervention.

Table 5 Comparison of complication rates between the two groups, n (%)

Group	n	Poor wound healing	Delayed healing	Urinary tract infection	Overall incidence rate
Control group	40	3 (7.50)	4 (10.00)	4 (10.00)	11 (27.50)
Observation group	40	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	0 (0.00)	2 (5.00)
Fisher					0.013

Table 6 Comparison of satisfaction with the two interventions (%)

Group	n	Group	Satisfied	Average	Dissatisfied	Overall satisfaction
Control group	40	15 (37.50)	12 (30.00)	6 (15.00)	7 (17.50)	27 (67.50)
Observation group	40	23 (57.50)	13 (32.50)	3 (7.50)	1 (2.50)	36 (90.00)
χ2						6.050
P value						0.014

Table 7 Comparison of fracture healing time and healing rate between the two groups (%)

Group	n	Fracture healing time (mean ± SD, days)	Healing rate at 3 months	Healing rate at 6 months	Healing rate at 12 months
Control group	40	156.78 ± 18.45	42.50 (17/40)	77.50 (31/40)	100.00 (40/40)
Observation group	40	128.56 ± 15.32	65.00 (26/40)	95.00 (38/40)	100.00 (40/40)
t/χ2	-	7.892	5.333	5.165	-
P value	-	< 0.01	0.021	0.023	-

Table 8 Comparison of Harris Hip Scores between the two groups at different follow-up time points (mean ± SD, points)

Group	n	3 months postoperatively	6 months postoperatively	12 months postoperatively	Excellent and good rate at 12 months (%)
Control group	40	65.32 ± 5.45	75.68 ± 6.12	82.15 ± 5.89	65.00 (26/40)
Observation group	40	72.45 ± 5.89	83.21 ± 5.78	89.67 ± 5.34	87.50 (35/40)
t/χ2	-	5.987	6.345	6.789	6.410
P value	-	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.011

Table 9 Comparison of Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale scores between the two groups at different follow-up time points (mean ± SD, points)

Group	n	HAM-A (3 months)	HAM-A (6 months)	HAM-A (12 months)	HAM-D (3 months)	HAM-D (6 months)	HAM-D (12 months)
Control group	40	10.23 ± 2.15	8.56 ± 1.89	7.12 ± 1.56	7.89 ± 1.78	6.45 ± 1.45	5.32 ± 1.23
Observation group	40	8.15 ± 1.78	6.32 ± 1.56	5.08 ± 1.34	6.12 ± 1.56	4.89 ± 1.23	3.78 ± 1.05
t	-	4.892	5.345	5.789	4.678	5.123	5.456
P value	-	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.

Table 10 Comparison of long-term complication incidence between the two groups, n (%)

Group	n	Pressure ulcer	Deep vein thrombosis	Osteomyelitis	Total incidence rate (%)
Control group	40	3 (7.50)	5 (12.50)	2 (5.00)	25.00 (10/40)
Observation group	40	1 (2.50)	2 (5.00)	0 (0.00)	7.50 (3/40)
χ2	-	-	-	-	4.507
P value	-	-	-	-	0.034