Perioperative anxiety/depression in patients with lumbar degenerative disease undergoing endoscopic spine surgery and their correlation with resilience

Table 1 Dynamics of anxiety and depression in patients across the perioperative period, n (%)

Indicators	1 day before surgery	7 days postoperatively	6 months postoperatively
SAS > 50 points	66 (39.52)	32 (19.16)c	44 (26.35)a
SDS > 52 points	75 (44.91)	47 (28.14)b	58 (34.73)
SAS > 50 or SDS > 52 points	106 (63.47)	71 (42.51)c	87 (52.10)a
SAS > 50 and SDS > 52 points	35 (20.96)	8 (4.79)c	15 (8.98)b

^aP < 0.05 vs preoperative assessment.

^bP < 0.01 vs preoperative assessment.

^cP < 0.001 vs preoperative assessment.

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 2 Resilience in patients one day prior to surgical procedures

Indicators	mean ± SD/median (interquartile rage)
Tenacity (points)	29.08 ± 6.02
Optimism (points)	25.00 (21.00-27.00)
Strength (points)	11.00 (9.00-13.00)
CD-RISC (points)	64.26 ± 8.16

CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

Table 3 Correlates of anxiety and depression with resilience in surgical patients

Indicators	r	P value
Preoperative SAS and CD-RISC scores (points)	-0.481	< 0.001
Preoperative SDS and CD-RISC scores (points)	-0.439	< 0.001
Postoperative day-7 SAS and CD-RISC scores (points)	-0.258	< 0.001
Postoperative day-7 SDS and CD-RISC scores (points)	-0.356	< 0.001
6-month postoperative SAS and CD-RISC scores (points)	-0.209	0.007
6-month postoperative SDS and CD-RISC scores (points)	-0.250	0.001

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 4 Determinants of patient resilience (univariate analysis), n (%)

Variable	Poor resilience (n = 46)	High resilience (n = 121)	χ2	P value
Sex			0.026	0.872
Male	18 (39.13)	49 (40.50)
Female	28 (60.87)	72 (59.50)
Age (years)			2.580	0.108
< 60	23 (50.00)	44 (36.36)
≥ 60	23 (50.00)	77 (63.64)
Disease duration (months)			0.372	0.542
< 6	17 (36.96)	51 (42.15)
≥ 6	29 (63.04)	70 (57.85)
Marital status			1.340	0.247
Married	28 (60.87)	85 (70.25)
Other	18 (39.13)	36 (29.75)
Social support			5.839	0.016
No	25 (54.35)	41 (33.88)
Yes	21 (45.65)	80 (66.12)
Monthly household income per capita, (yuan)			4.341	0.037
< 4000	37 (80.43)	77 (63.64)
≥ 4000	9 (19.57)	44 (36.36)
Preoperative SAS (points)			9.766	0.002
≤ 50	19 (41.30)	82 (67.77)
> 50	27 (58.70)	39 (32.23)
Preoperative SDS (points)			10.582	0.001
≤ 52	16 (34.78)	76 (62.81)
> 52	30 (65.22)	45 (37.19)

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 5 Predictors of resilience based on multivariate analysis

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Social support	1.255	0.412	9.296	0.002	3.510	1.566-7.866
Monthly household income per capita (yuan)	0.897	0.452	3.948	0.047	2.453	1.012-5.946
Preoperative SAS (points)	1.261	0.396	10.162	0.001	3.529	1.625-7.664
Preoperative SDS (points)	1.396	0.409	11.649	0.001	4.039	1.812-9.004

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.