Protective role of perceived social support against adolescent self-injury addiction: Serial mediation of negative emotion and impulsivity

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and scores on the addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors (n = 102)

Sociodemographic characteristics	n (%)	ROSI-addiction	t/F	P value
Gender			1.20	0.234
Male	9 (8.82)	10.89 ± 4.94
Female	93 (91.17)	13.83 ± 7.19
Age (year)			1.02	0.309
12-14	32 (31.37)	14.63 ± 7.05
15-18	70 (63.52)	13.09 ± 7.05
Education level			0.40	0.693
Primary school student	49 (48.04)	13.86 ± 7.14
Junior high school student	53 (51.96)	13.30 ± 7.03
Primary caregivers			0.51	0.679
Parents	75 (73.53)	13.24 ± 7.09
Grandfather/mother	10 (9.80)	16.00 ± 7.35
Father only	8 (7.84)	14.37 ± 8.26
Mother only	9 (8.82)	12.89 ± 5.67
Others	-	-
Relationship of parents			0.07	0.976
Harmonious	70 (68.63)	13.36 ± 7.16
Disharmony	16 (15.69)	14.06 ± 6.74
Divorce	14 (13.73)	13.93 ± 7.25
Bereavement	2 (1.96)	14.50 ± 10.61
School bullying			3.38	0.021
Bully others	4 (3.92)	21.75 ± 2.22
Being bullied	26 (25.49)	12.50 ± 7.96
Bully others and being bullied	8 (7.84)	17.88 ± 5.79
Neither	64 (62.75)	12.95 ± 6.57
Diagnosis			1.52	0.189
Depressive disorder	73 (69.52)	13.56 ± 6.15
Bipolar disorder	16 (15.24)	13.25 ± 7.47
Anxiety disorder	5 (4.76)	15.40 ± 10.53
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorder	2 (1.90)	10.50 ± 0.71
Trauma and stressor-related disorders	7 (6.67)	14.29 ± 10.18
Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder	2 (1.90)	12.50 ± 9.19

ROSI-addiction: Addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory.

Table 2 Correlations between perceived social support (by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), depression (the Self-rating Depression Scale), anxiety (the Self-rating Anxiety Scale), impulsivity (the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), and self-injury addiction (the addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory) in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors (n = 102)

		MSPSS			SDS	SAS	BIS-11
		Support from family	Support from friends	Support from significant others			Attention	Cognitive instability	Motor	Perseverance	Self-control	Cognitive complexity
MSPSS
Support from family	r value	1
	P value
Support from friends	r value	0.42c	1
	P value	< 0.001
Support from significant others	r value	0.64c	0.75c	1
	P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
SDS	r value	-0.51c	-0.21a	-0.41c	1
	P value	< 0.001	0.042	< 0.001
SAS	r value	-0.43c	-0.22a	-0.31b	0.81c	1
	P value	< 0.001	0.035	0.002	< 0.001
BIS-11
Attention	r value	-0.30c	-0.31c	0.29c	0.31b	0.33b	1
	P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	0.001
Cognitive instability	r value	0.10	0.02	0.11	-0.05	0.07	0.04	1
	P value	0.134	0.726	0.174	0.645	0.507	0.710
Motor	r value	-0.13	-0.10	0.30c	0.16	0.16	0.29c	0.35b	1
	P value	0.051	0.124	< 0.001	0.107	0.107	0.003	< 0.001
Perseverance	r value	-0.15a	-0.16a	0.24b	0.25a	0.25a	0.31b	0.03	0.36c	1
	P value	0.033	0.015	0.002	0.011	0.012	0.001	0.755	< 0.001
Self-control	r value	-0.28c	-0.25c	0.24b	0.32b	0.20a	0.27b	-0.12	0.32b	0.31b	1
	P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	0.001	0.046	0.006	0.247	0.001	0.002
Cognitive complexity	r value	-0.26c	-0.23b	0.20a	0.23a	0.24a	0.35c	0.14	0.57c	0.37c	0.39c	1
	P value	< 0.001	0.001	0.010	0.020	0.017	0.000	0.172	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
ROSI-addiction	r value	-0.30c	-0.32c	-0.40c	0.44c	0.50c	0.29c	0.11	0.30c	0.24b	0.24b	0.20a
	P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.174	< 0.001	0.002	0.002	0.01

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

MSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; ROSI-addiction: Addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory.

Table 3 Structural equation model fit index

Model	χ2/df	CFI	GFI	TLI	RMSEA
MSPSS - SAS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction	1.404	0.939	0.906	0.917	0.065
MSPSS - SDS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction	1.380	0.942	0.901	0.920	0.064

MSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; ROSI-addiction: Addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; CFI: Comparative fit index; GFI: Goodness of fit index; TLI: Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA: Root mean square error of approximation.

Table 4 Chain mediating effects of depression (the Self-rating Depression Scale) or anxiety (the Self-rating Anxiety Scale) and impulsivity (the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) in the associations between perceived social support (by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and self-injury addiction (the Addiction Subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory) in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors (n = 102)

Variables	Effects	SE	P value	BC bootstrap 95%CI		Effect proportion (%)	Power (%)
				Lower	Upper
Model A: MSPSS - SAS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction							20.9
The total effect of MSPSS - ROSI-addiction	-0.35	0.11	0.002	-0.88	-0.19	100.0
The direct effect of MSPSS - ROSI-addiction	-0.19	0.10	0.057	-0.39	<0.01	54.3
The indirect effect of
Ind1: MSPSS - SAS - ROSI-addiction	-0.11	0.05	0.007	-0.24	-0.03	31.4
Ind2: MSPSS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction	-0.03	0.04	0.300	-0.15	0.04	8.6
Ind3: MSPSS - SAS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction	-0.02	0.02	0.025	-0.10	> -0.01	5.7
Model B: MSPSS - SDS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction							38.6
The total effect of MSPSS - ROSI-addiction	-0.35	0.11	0.002	-0.56	-0.12	100.0
The direct effect of MSPSS - ROSI-addiction	-0.18	0.12	0.138	-0.43	0.06	51.4
The indirect effect of
Ind1: MSPSS - SDS - ROSI-addiction	-0.11	0.06	0.016	-0.26	-0.02	31.4
Ind2: MSPSS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction	-0.02	0.05	0.512	-0.13	0.06	5.7
Ind3: MSPSS - SDS - BIS-11 - ROSI-addiction	-0.04	0.03	0.021	-0.15	> -0.01	11.4

BC: Bias-corrected; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; MSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; ROSI-addiction: Addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.