Time series analysis of anxiety and depression during pregnancy to postpartum depression based on cross-lagged model

Table 1 Basic information and delivery status of maternal population

Basic information	Number of people	Composition ratio (%)
Age (years)
20-25	101	17.66
26-30	296	51.74
31-34	134	23.43
≥ 35	41	7.17
Long term residence
Cities and towns	299	52.27
Rural district	273	47.73
Degree of education
Junior high school and below	94	16.43
High school or vocational school	285	49.83
College degree or above	193	33.74
Previous pregnancies
< 3 times	349	61.01
≥ 3 times	223	38.99
Previous deliveries
< 2 times	377	65.91
≥ 2 times	195	34.09
Is this pregnancy premature
Yes	24	4.20
No	548	95.80
Delivery method of this pregnancy
Vaginal birth	382	66.78
Caesarean birth	190	33.22
Gender of newborn
Male baby	303	52.97
Female infant	269	47.03
Neonatal weight
< 2.5 kg	24	4.20
2.5-4 kg	529	92.48
> 4 kg	19	3.32

Table 2 Anxiety screening status at different time points during pregnancy, n (%)

Stage	No anxiety	Mild anxiety	Moderate anxiety	Severe anxiety
Early pregnancy	532 (93.01)	19 (3.32)	14 (2.45)	7 (1.22)
Mid pregnancy	434 (75.87)	78 (13.64)	43 (7.52)	17 (2.97)
Late pregnancy	475 (83.04)	56 (9.79)	30 (5.24)	11 (1.92)

Table 3 Depression screening status at different time points from pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum, n (%)

Stage	No depression	Mild depression	Moderate depression	Severe depression
Early pregnancy	541 (94.58)	16 (2.80)	10 (1.75)	5 (0.87)
Mid pregnancy	448 (78.32)	73 (12.76)	38 (6.64)	13 (2.47)
Late pregnancy	493 (86.19)	48 (8.39)	23 (4.02)	8 (1.40)
6 weeks postpartum	480 (83.91)	55 (9.62)	27 (4.72)	10 (1.75)

Table 4 Correlation analysis of anxiety scores and depression scores at different time points from pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum (r)

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Early pregnancy anxiety score	1.000
Early pregnancy depression score	0.6171	1.000
Mid pregnancy anxiety score	0.7251	0.5421	1.000
Mid pregnancy depression score	0.3451	0.4311	0.6081	1.000
Late pregnancy anxiety score	0.2741	0.4581	0.4911	0.5491	1.000
Late pregnancy depression score	0.3131	0.3521	0.3741	0.4831	0.5071	1.000
Postpartum depression score	-0.2751	-0.4451	-0.5431	-0.5431	-0.4761	-0.4191	1.000

¹P < 0.001.