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©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Feb 19, 2026; 16(2): 112575
Published online Feb 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112575
Published online Feb 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112575
Table 1 Comparison of general data between the modeling and verification groups of hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders, n (%)
| Item | Model group (n = 308) | Validation group (n = 132) | χ2/Z/t | P value |
| Act of violence | 3.49 | 0.06 | ||
| No | 232 (75.32) | 88 (66.67) | ||
| Yes | 76 (24.68) | 44 (33.33) | ||
| Gender | 0.02 | 0.88 | ||
| Male | 154 (50.00) | 65 (49.24) | ||
| Female | 154 (50.00) | 67 (50.76) | ||
| Diagnose | 3.09 | 0.38 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 178 (57.79) | 79 (59.85) | ||
| Bipolar affective disorder | 42 (13.64) | 23 (17.42) | ||
| Paranoid disorder | 42 (13.64) | 19 (14.39) | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 38 (12.34) | 10(7.58) | ||
| Mental disorders caused by epilepsy | 6 (1.95) | 1 (0.76) | ||
| Mental retardation with mental disorder | 2 (0.65) | 0 (0) | ||
| Educational background | 0.35 | 0.84 | ||
| Primary school and below | 81 (26.30) | 38 (28.79) | ||
| Middle school/high school/vocational high school/vocational school | 166 (53.90) | 70 (53.03) | ||
| High school level or above | 61 (19.81) | 24 (18.18) | ||
| Profession | 1.41 | 0.49 | ||
| No/student | 215 (69.81) | 87 (65.91) | ||
| Incumbency | 55 (17.86) | 30 (22.73) | ||
| Retire | 38 (12.34) | 15 (11.36) | ||
| Marriage | 0.33 | 0.56 | ||
| Unmarried/divorced/spouseless | 187 (60.71) | 84 (63.64) | ||
| Married | 121 (39.29) | 48 (36.36) | ||
| Domicile | 1.19 | 0.55 | ||
| Village | 186 (60.39) | 83 (62.88) | ||
| Town | 24 (7.79) | 13 (9.85) | ||
| City proper | 98 (31.82) | 36 (27.27) | ||
| Family history | 0.01 | 0.93 | ||
| No | 183 (59.42) | 79 (59.85) | ||
| Yes | 125 (40.58) | 53 (40.15) | ||
| Payment method | 1.60 | 0.21 | ||
| At one’s own expense | 111 (36.04) | 56 (42.42) | ||
| Medicare/reinstated | 197 (63.96) | 76 (57.58) | ||
| Follow-up relationship | 2.65 | 0.45 | ||
| Spouse | 72 (23.38) | 38 (28.79) | ||
| Parents/children | 144 (46.75) | 60 (45.45) | ||
| Other relatives | 34 (11.04) | 16 (12.12) | ||
| Police officer/officer | 58 (18.83) | 18 (13.64) | ||
| Childcare providers | 0.20 | 0.65 | ||
| Parents | 273 (88.64) | 115 (87.12) | ||
| Others | 35 (11.36) | 17 (12.88) | ||
| Adverse childhood experiences | 0.01 | 0.93 | ||
| No | 267 (86.69) | 114 (86.36) | ||
| Yes | 41 (13.31) | 18 (13.64) | ||
| Length of stay | 0.07 | 0.80 | ||
| Day shift | 193 (62.66) | 81 (61.36) | ||
| Night shift | 115 (37.34) | 51 (38.64) | ||
| Smoke | 0.48 | 0.49 | ||
| No | 258 (83.77) | 114 (86.36) | ||
| Yes | 50 (16.23) | 18 (13.64) | ||
| Drink | 1.18 | 0.28 | ||
| No | 281 (91.23) | 116 (87.88) | ||
| Yes | 27 (8.77) | 16 (12.12) | ||
| Age, mean ± SD | 44.97 ± 16.99 | 46.08 ± 15.97 | 0.64 | 0.52 |
| Number of hospitalizations, median (IQR) | 2.00 (1.00, 6.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 8.00) | -0.52 | 0.61 |
| BPRS, median (IQR) | 44.00 (35.00, 58.00) | 46.50 (37.00, 59.25) | -1.60 | 0.11 |
| CRP, median (IQR) | 5.50 (4.00, 6.42) | 5.58 (3.88, 6.31) | -0.12 | 0.90 |
Table 2 Results of single factor analysis of violent behavior in hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders in the modeling module (n = 308), n (%)
| Item | Violence (n = 232) | No violence (n = 76) | χ2/Z/t | P value |
| Diagnose | 42.83 | < 0.01 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 135 (58.19) | 43 (56.58) | ||
| Bipolar affective disorder | 24 (10.34) | 18 (23.68) | ||
| Paranoid disorder | 39 (16.81) | 3 (3.96) | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 34 (14.66) | 4 (5.26) | ||
| Mental disorders caused by epilepsy | 0 (0.00) | 6 (7.89) | ||
| Mental retardation with mental disorder | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.63) | ||
| Educational background | 12.95 | < 0.01 | ||
| Primary school and below | 50 (21.55) | 31 (40.79) | ||
| Middle school/high school/vocational high school/vocational school | 129 (55.60) | 37 (48.68) | ||
| High school level or above | 53 (22.84) | 8 (10.53) | ||
| Profession | 11.77 | < 0.01 | ||
| No/student | 161 (69.40) | 54 (71.05) | ||
| Incumbency | 35 (15.09) | 20 (26.32) | ||
| Retire | 36 (15.52) | 2 (2.63) | ||
| Marriage | 45.25 | < 0.01 | ||
| Unmarried/divorced/spouseless | 116 (50.00) | 71 (93.42) | ||
| Married | 116 (50.00) | 5 (6.58) | ||
| Domicile | 42.82 | < 0.01 | ||
| Village | 116 (50.00) | 70 (92.11) | ||
| Town | 24 (10.34) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| City proper | 92 (39.66) | 6 (7.89) | ||
| Family history | 65.88 | < 0.01 | ||
| No | 168 (72.41) | 15 (19.74) | ||
| Yes | 64 (27.59) | 61 (80.26) | ||
| Payment method | 101.57 | < 0.01 | ||
| At one’s own expense | 47 (20.26) | 64 (84.21) | ||
| Medicare/reinstated | 185 (79.74) | 12 (15.79) | ||
| Follow-up relationship | 50.16 | < 0.01 | ||
| Spouse | 71 (30.60) | 1 (1.32) | ||
| Parents/children | 100 (43.10) | 44 (57.89) | ||
| Other relatives | 32 (13.79) | 2 (2.63) | ||
| Police officer/officer | 29 (12.50) | 29 (38.16) | ||
| Childcare providers | 22.40 | < 0.01 | ||
| Parents | 217 (93.53) | 56 (73.68) | ||
| Others | 15 (6.47) | 20 (26.32) | ||
| Adverse childhood experiences | 17.93 | < 0.01 | ||
| No | 212 (91.38) | 55 (72.37) | ||
| Yes | 20 (8.62) | 21 (27.63) | ||
| Length of stay | 100.14 | < 0.01 | ||
| Day shift | 182 (78.45) | 11 (14.47) | ||
| Night shift | 50 (21.55) | 65 (85.53) | ||
| Smoke | 71.92 | < 0.01 | ||
| No | 218 (93.97) | 40 (52.63) | ||
| Yes | 14 (6.03) | 36 (47.37) | ||
| Drink | 44.90 | < 0.01 | ||
| No | 226 (97.41) | 55 (72.37) | ||
| Yes | 6 (2.59) | 21(27.63) | ||
| Age, mean ± SD | 46.74 ± 17.26 | 39.57 ± 14.99 | 3.24 | < 0.01 |
| BPRS, median (IQR) | 39.00 (33.00, 49.00) | 65.50 (56.75, 73.00) | -10.43 | < 0.01 |
| CRP, median (IQR) | 5.12 (2.96, 5.99) | 6.99 (5.64, 17.11) | -8.44 | < 0.01 |
Table 3 Assessment of violent behavior in severe mental disorder patients
| Item | Value assignment |
| Violence | No = 1, Yes = 2 |
| Diagnose | Schizophrenia = 1, bipolar affective disorder = 2, paranoid disorder = 3, schizoaffective disorder = 4, mental disorders caused by epilepsy = 5, mental retardation with mental disorder = 6 |
| Educational background | Primary school and below = 1, middle school/high school/vocational high school/vocational school = 2, high school level or above = 3 |
| Profession | No/student = 1, incumbency = 2, retire = 3 |
| Marriage | Unmarried/divorced/spouseless = 1, married = 2 |
| Domicile | Village = 1, town = 2, city proper = 3 |
| Family history | No = 1, Yes = 2 |
| Payment method | At one’s own expense = 1, medicare/reinstated = 2 |
| Follow-up relationship | Spouse = 1, parents/children = 2, other relatives = 3, police officer/officer = 4 |
| Childcare providers | Parents = 1, others = 2 |
| Adverse childhood experiences | No = 1, Yes = 2 |
| Length of stay | Day shift = 1, night shift = 2 |
| Smoke | No = 1, Yes = 2 |
| Drink | No = 1, Yes = 2 |
Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of violent behavior in patients with severe mental disorders in the modeling module
| Independent variable | β | Standard error | P value | OR (95%CI) |
| Constant | -12.21 | 5.54 | 0.03 | |
| Educational background | -3.79 | 1.31 | < 0.01 | 0.02 (0.00-0.29) |
| Smoke | 4.50 | 1.58 | < 0.01 | 0.01 (0.00-0.25) |
| Length of stay | 0.49 | 3.16 | < 0.01 | 4.77 (1.8-12.55) |
| Age | -0.11 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.90 (0.83-0.97) |
| BPRS | 0.17 | 0.05 | < 0.01 | 1.19 (1.08-1.30) |
| CRP | 1.95 | 0.49 | < 0.01 | 7.06 (2.72-18.30) |
- Citation: Wang T, Wang L, Zhao P, Sun JJ, Gao LN, Li J, Zhao YQ. Application research on the predictive model for violent behavior in hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(2): 112575
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i2/112575.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112575