Impact of dietary nutrition regimens based on body composition analysis on bone metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease patients

Table 1 Comparison of general information, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characterization	Routine diet group	Personalized nutrition group	χ2/t value	P value
Age	69.17 ± 6.77	68.42 ± 6.36	0.559	0.577
Sex			0.168	0.682
Male	27 (56.25)	25 (52.08)
Female	21 (43.75)	23 (47.92)
Height (cm)	169.28 ± 11.08	170.67 ± 12.42	0.579	0.564
Body mass index	21.98 ± 1.46	22.09 ± 1.35	0.385	0.701
Smoking history
With	6 (12.50)	8 (16.67)
Without	42 (87.50)	40 (83.33)
Alcoholism history			0.103	0.749
With	5 (10.42)	6 (12.50)
Without	43 (89.58)	42 (87.50)
History of underlying diseases
Hypertension			0.844	0.358
With	11 (22.92)	15 (31.25)
Without	37 (77.08)	33 (68.75)
Diabetes			0.182	0.670
With	18 (37.50)	16 (33.33)
Without	30 (62.50)	32 (66.67)
Mini-mental state examination score	21.46 ± 3.86	21.42 ± 3.74	0.054	0.957
Serum osteocalcin (ng/L)	3.45 ± 1.33	3.65 ± 1.08	0.813	0.418
25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL)	15.34 ± 4.02	15.15 ± 3.87	0.236	0.814
Serum calcium (mg/dL)	8.46 ± 2.34	8.62 ± 2.12	0.352	0.726
Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (ng/mL)	73.27 ± 5.28	73.18 ± 5.67	0.080	0.936
Beta C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ng/mL)	0.76 ± 0.13	0.75 ± 0.15	0.327	0.744
Bone mineral density score			1.603	0.588
T score > -1	5 (10.42)	6 (12.50)
-2.5 ≤ T score ≤ -1	29 (60.42)	24 (50.00)
T score < -2.5	14 (29.16)	18 (37.50)

Table 2 Intra-group comparison of bone mineral density in the routine dietary group before and 12 weeks after intervention, n (%)

After treatment	T score > -1	-2.5 ≤ T score ≤ -1	T score < -2.5	Total	P value
Before treatment					0.000
T score > -1	8 (16.67)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	8 (16.67)
-2.5 ≤ T score ≤ -1	16 (33.34)	13 (27.08)	0 (0.00)	29 (60.42)
T score < -2.5	0 (0.00)	4 (8.34)	7 (14.58)	11 (22.92)
Total	24 (50.00)	17 (35.42)	7 (14.58)	48 (100)

Table 3 Intra-group comparison of bone mineral density in the personalized nutrition group before and 12 weeks after intervention, n (%)

After treatment	T score > -1	-2.5 ≤ T score ≤ -1	T score < -2.5	Total	P value
Before treatment					0.001
T score > -1	6 (12.50)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	6 (12.50)
-2.5 ≤ T score ≤ -1	13 (27.08)	11 (22.92)	0 (0.00)	24 (50.00)
T score < -2.5	11 (22.92)	3 (6.25)	4 (8.33)	18 (37.50)
Total	30 (62.50)	14 (29.17)	4 (8.33)

Table 4 Inter-group comparison of bone mineral density between the two groups before and 12 weeks after intervention, n (%)

	Routine diet group (n = 48)	Personalized nutrition group (n = 48)	χ2 value	P value
			6.353	0.042
T score > -1	24 (50.00)	30 (62.50)
-2.5 ≤ T score ≤ -1	17 (35.42)	14 (29.17)
T score < -2.5	7 (14.58)	4 (8.33)

Table 5 Comparison of mini-mental state examination scores between the two groups before and 12 weeks after intervention, mean ± SD

	Routine diet group (n = 48)	Personalized nutrition group (n = 48)	t value	P value
Before treatment	21.46 ± 3.86	21.42 ± 3.74	0.054	0.957
After treatment	25.39 ± 2.86	26.48 ± 2.27	2.057	0.042
t value	6.266	8.244
P value	0.000	0.000