Neural correlates of conditional reasoning dysfunction in major depression: An event-related potential study with the Wason selection task

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.111972

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2025; 15(12): 111972
Published online Dec 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.111972

Table 1 Demographic and clinical information for participants (mean ± SD)

Variables	MD (n = 34)	HC (n = 34)	Statistical analysis
Age (years)	29.00 ± 9.28	31.94 ± 7.16	t = 1.462, P = 0.148
Sex (M/F)	20/14	18/16	χ² = 0.239, P = 0.625
Education (years)	13.29 ± 2.62	14.44 ± 2.09	t = 1.994, P = 0.051
Age at onset (years)	26.10 (6.57)	-	-
Handedness (R/M/L)	13/12/12	12/10/12	χ² = 0.601, P = 0.253
HAMD-17	22.88 ± 3.81	-	-
Anxiety/somatization	7.82 ± 2.44	-	-
Weight loss	0.82 ± 0.90	-	-
Cognitive impairment	4.76 ± 1.84	-	-
Retardation	6.15 ± 1.54	-	-
Sleep disturbance	3.32 ± 1.77	-	-

MD: Major depression group; HC: Healthy control group; M: Male; F: Female; R: Right; M: Mixed; L: Left; HAMD-17: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17-item edition.

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Citation: Li JX, Lu MC, Wu LA, Li W, Li Y, Li XP, Liu XH, Gao XZ, Zhou ZH, Zhou HL. Neural correlates of conditional reasoning dysfunction in major depression: An event-related potential study with the Wason selection task. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 111972
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i12/111972.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.111972