Correlations between anxiety/depression, self-efficacy, and social support in patients with gastric cancer and analysis of risk factors

Table 1 Psychological distress assessment (hospital anxiety and depression scale) in gastric cancer patients, mean ± SE/n (%)

Factors	Negative (0-7 points)	Mild (8-10 points)	Moderate-to-severe (11-21 points)
Anxiety	8.74 ± 3.70
	42 (33.87)	46 (37.10)	36 (29.03)
Depression	10.26 ± 3.84
	26 (20.97)	47 (37.90)	51 (41.13)

Table 2 Self-efficacy profile evaluation (general self-efficacy scale), mean ± SE/n (%)

Factor	Low self-efficacy (10-20 points)	Moderate self-efficacy (21-30 points)	High self-efficacy (31-40 points)
GSES	17.81 ± 5.45
	86 (69.35)	37 (29.84)	1 (0.81)

GSES: General self-efficacy scale.

Table 3 Social support network analysis (perceived social support scale), mean ± SE/n (%)

Factors	Low social support (12-36 points)	Moderate social support (37-60 points)	High social support (61-84 points)
PSSS	3 (2.42)	76 (61.29)	45 (36.29)
	56.27 ± 11.28
Intra-familial support	35.84 ± 9.31
Extra-familial support	20.43 ± 5.01

PSSS: Perceived social support scale.

Table 4 Correlations among hospital anxiety and depression scale, general self-efficacy scale, and perceived social support scale

Factors	r value	P value
HADS-A vs PSSS	-0.358	< 0.001
HADS-D vs PSSS	-0.302	< 0.001
GSES vs PSSS	0.392	< 0.001
HADS-A vs GSES	-0.398	< 0.001
HADS-D vs GSES	-0.252	0.005

HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety subscale; PSSS: Perceived social support scale; HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression subscale; GSES: General self-efficacy scale.

Table 5 Univariate analysis for predictors of anxiety and depression in gastric cancer patients, n (%)

Factors	Anxiety-depression group (n = 73)	Non-anxiety-depression group (n = 51)	χ2 value	P value
Gender			4.286	0.038
Male	38 (52.05)	36 (70.59)
Female	35 (47.95)	15 (29.41)
Age (years)			10.730	0.001
< 60	36 (49.32)	40 (78.43)
≥ 60	37 (50.68)	11 (21.57)
Marital status			0.022	0.883
Married	51 (69.86)	35 (68.63)
Single/divorced/widowed	22 (30.14)	16 (31.37)
Educational attainment			0.285	0.593
≤ Senior high school	45 (61.64)	29 (56.86)
> Senior high school	28 (38.36)	22 (43.14)
Clinical stage			4.586	0.032
I-II	33 (45.21)	33 (64.71)
III-IV	40 (54.79)	18 (35.29)
Tumor location			1.005	0.605
Antrum	48 (65.75)	30 (58.82)
Cardia	17 (23.29)	16 (31.37)
Gastric body	8 (10.96)	5 (9.80)
Tumor size (cm)			3.905	0.048
< 3	27 (36.99)	28 (54.90)
≥ 3	46 (63.01)	23 (45.10)
GSES (score)			5.331	0.021
< 18	44 (60.27)	20 (39.22)
≥ 18	29 (39.73)	31 (60.78)
PSSS (score)			5.243	0.022
< 56	41 (56.16)	18 (35.29)
≥ 56	32 (43.84)	33 (64.71)

PSSS: Perceived social support scale; GSES: General self-efficacy scale.

Table 6 Multivariate analysis for predictors of anxiety and depression in gastric cancer patients

Factors	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Gender	0.295	0.458	0.416	0.519	1.344	0.548-3.296
Age (years)	1.702	0.492	11.961	0.001	5.486	2.091-14.396
Clinical stage	0.722	0.431	2.797	0.094	2.058	0.883-4.794
Tumor size (cm)	1.310	0.473	7.679	0.006	3.706	1.467-9.359
GSES (score)	-1.183	0.457	6.701	0.010	0.306	0.125-0.750
PSSS (score)	-0.820	0.431	3.609	0.057	0.441	0.189-1.026

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PSSS: Perceived social support scale; GSES: General self-efficacy scale.