Application of electromyographic biofeedback therapy in physical dysfunction rehabilitation and post-stroke anxiety reduction in stroke survivors

Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical data between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Gender			0.795
Male	16	17
Female	14	13
Age (years)	60.07 ± 9.57	59.80 ± 10.05	0.917
Weight (kg)	73.27 ± 3.45	75.18 ± 4.06	0.054
Height (cm)	167.69 ± 8.94	168.75 ± 9.32	0.653
Duration (days)	17.33 ± 5.80	17.63 ± 6.22	0.847
Disease			0.795
Hemorrhage	13	14
Infarction	17	16
Disease			0.793
Left	18	17
Right	12	13

Table 2 Comparison of pre-treatment scores for movement, balance, activities of daily living, and joint range of motion between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
FMA (upper limb) score	15.5 (15,16)	15 (14,16)	0.237
FMA (lower limb) score	10 (9,11)	10 (9,11)	0.717
Berg score	11.23 ± 3.68	11.27 ± 3.54	0.972
ADL score	41.77 ± 11.17	40.67 ± 10.14	0.691
Wrist joint AROM (°)	22.33 ± 5.52	21.20 ± 6.30	0.462
Ankle joint AROM (°)	21.33 ± 5.65	21.17 ± 5.58	0.909

FMA: Fugl-Meyer assessment; ADL: Activities of daily living; AROM: Ankle active range of motion.

Table 3 Comparison of pre- and post-treatment upper limb Fugl-Meyer assessment scores

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	14.87 ± 0.90	14.73 ± 0.98	0.585
4 weeks after treatment	23.57 ± 2.16	25.30 ± 1.90	0.002
8 weeks after treatment	29.50 ± 1.63	36.83 ± 0.83	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of pre- and post-treatment lower limb Fugl-Meyer assessment scores

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	10.37 ± 1.43	9.87 ± 1.91	0.255
4 weeks after treatment	17.43 ± 1.92	20.20 ± 1.75	< 0.001
8 weeks after treatment	22.53 ± 3.34	26.73 ± 3.50	< 0.001

Table 5 Comparison of wrist joint range of motion before and after treatment between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	22.33 ± 5.52	21.20 ± 6.30	0.462
4 weeks after treatment	35.13 ± 7.57	42.30 ± 7.23	< 0.001
8 weeks after treatment	50.30 ± 8.45	59.43 ± 7.93	< 0.001

Table 6 Comparison of ankle joint range of motion before and after treatment between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	21.33 ± 5.65	21.17 ± 5.58	0.909
4 weeks after treatment	32.30 ± 7.94	41.47 ± 7.31	< 0.001
8 weeks after treatment	47.20 ± 8.90	57.80 ± 8.19	< 0.001

Table 7 Comparison of balance ability before and after treatment between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	11.43 ± 2.57	11.53 ± 1.91	0.865
4 weeks after treatment	23.97 ± 2.28	27.97 ± 5.18	< 0.001
8 weeks after treatment	31.53 ± 1.28	39.87 ± 1.41	< 0.001

Table 8 Comparison of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores before and after treatment between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	23.50 ± 2.29	23.57 ± 1.38	0.892
4 weeks after treatment	18.57 ± 2.28	10.97 ± 2.17	< 0.001
8 weeks after treatment	13.77 ± 2.70	6.33 ± 2.19	< 0.001

Table 9 Comparison of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores before and after treatment between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	22.63 ± 3.43	21.57 ± 3.35	0.228
4 weeks after treatment	13.43 ± 2.30	11.70 ± 2.38	0.006
8 weeks after treatment	9.87 ± 2.40	7.70 ± 2.52	0.001

Table 10 Comparison of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores before and after treatment between the two groups

	Control (n = 30)	Electromyographic biofeedback (n = 30)	P value
Before	20.83 ± 4.81	19.57 ± 4.76	0.309
4 weeks after treatment	14.03 ± 2.40	12.17 ± 2.84	0.009
8 weeks after treatment	9.73 ± 2.52	7.93 ± 2.39	0.006