Impact of multidisciplinary nursing interventions and blood glucose control on diabetic foot ulcer healing, patient emotions, and satisfaction

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups, n (%)

Index	Intervention group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 55)	P value
Age (years), mean ± SD	68.5 ± 8.2	67.8 ± 7.5	0.712
Gender
Male	35 (58.3)	34 (61.8)	0.621
Female	25 (41.7)	21 (38.2)	0.621
Age of diagnosis (years), mean ± SD	62.0 ± 10.5	61.5 ± 9.8	0.812
Duration of diabetes (years), mean ± SD	8.6 ± 5.2	8.3 ± 4.9	0.725
Duration of DFU (months), mean ± SD	6.0 ± 3.1	5.8 ± 2.9	0.668
Smoking history	-	0.762	-
Active smoking	15 (25.0)	12 (21.8)	-
Previous/never smoker	45 (75.0)	43 (78.2)	-
Hypertension	32 (53.3)	30 (54.5)	0.882
Dyslipidemia	28 (46.7)	27 (49.1)	0.826
Overweight/obesity	30 (50.0)	29 (52.7)	0.842
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	28.1 ± 4.7	27.9 ± 4.6	0.579
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	135.6 ± 15.3	133.2 ± 14.7	0.347
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	85.4 ± 10.2	84.5 ± 9.8	0.422
Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean ± SD	13.5 ± 1.2	13.3 ± 1.1	0.384
WBC (× 109/L), mean ± SD	9.2 ± 2.1	9.5 ± 2.4	0.532
Platelet (× 109/L), mean ± SD	250 ± 50	245 ± 48	0.717
Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD	3.8 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.4	0.597
ALT (mmol/L), mean ± SD	24.1 ± 6.5	23.8 ± 6.0	0.683
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2), mean ± SD	85.6 ± 10.3	84.5 ± 9.7	0.606

DFU: Diabetic foot ulcers; BMI: Body mass index; WBC: White blood cell; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 2 Comparison of ulcer location distribution between the two groups, n (%)

Place of the ulcer	Intervention group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 55)	P value
Calcaneus	12 (20.0)	10 (18.2)	0.873
Dorsum	10 (16.7)	12 (21.8)	0.541
Metatarsus	14 (23.3)	13 (23.6)	0.98
Toes	9 (15.0)	8 (14.5)	0.951
Midfoot	15 (25.0)	12 (21.8)	0.643

Table 3 Comparison of wound healing rates between the two groups

Group	Wound healing rate (%)	Number of participants (n)	Number of healed wounds
Intervention group	91.7	60	55
Control group	76.4	55	42

Table 4 Comparison of Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression scores between the two groups

Index	Control group (n = 55)	Intervention group (n = 60)	P value
HAMA	18.37 ± 3.02	13.01 ± 2.13	< 0.001
HAMD	17.35 ± 2.95	12.93 ± 2.04	0.002

HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression.