Meta-analysis of factors associated with the incidence of comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Table 1 Database literature retrieval strategies

Database	Retrieval formula
PubMed	((((((((("Emotions"[Mesh]) OR (Emotion[Title/Abstract])) OR (Feelings[Title/Abstract])) OR (Feeling[Title/Abstract])) OR (Regret[Title/Abstract])) OR (Regrets[Title/Abstract])) OR ((((((((((((((("Psychology"[Mesh]) OR (Psychological Factors[Title/Abstract])) OR (Factor, Psychological[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychological Factor[Title/Abstract])) OR (Factors, Psychological[Title/Abstract])) OR (Side Effects, Psychological[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychological Side Effect[Title/Abstract])) OR (Side Effect, Psychological[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychological Side Effects[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychologists[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychologist[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychosocial Factors[Title/Abstract])) OR (Factor, Psychosocial[Title/Abstract])) OR (Factors, Psychosocial[Title/Abstract])) OR (Psychosocial Factor[Title/Abstract]))) OR (((((("Depression"[Mesh]) OR (Depressive Symptoms[Title/Abstract])) OR (Depressive Symptom[Title/Abstract])) OR (Symptom, Depressive[Title/Abstract])) OR (Emotional Depression[Title/Abstract])) OR (Depression, Emotional[Title/Abstract]))) OR (((((((((("Anxiety"[Mesh]) ) OR (Angst[Title/Abstract])) OR (Nervousness[Title/Abstract])) OR (Hypervigilance[Title/Abstract])) OR (Social Anxiety[Title/Abstract])) OR (Anxieties, Social[Title/Abstract])) OR (Anxiety, Social[Title/Abstract])) OR (Social Anxieties[Title/Abstract])) OR (Anxiousness[Title/Abstract]))) AND (((("Hepatitis B, Chronic"[Mesh]) OR (Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Chronic[Title/Abstract])) OR (Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection[Title/Abstract])) OR (Chronic Hepatitis B[Title/Abstract]))
Web of science	(TS=(Psychology OR Psychological Factors OR Factor Psychological OR Psychological Factor OR Factors Psychological OR Side Effects Psychological OR Psychological Side Effect OR Side Effect Psychological OR Psychological Side Effects OR Psychologists OR Psychologist OR Psychosocial Factors OR Factor Psychosocial OR Factors Psychosocial OR Psychosocial Factor) And TS=(Depression OR Depressive Symptoms OR Depressive Symptom OR Symptom Depressive OR Emotional Depression OR Depression Emotional) And TS=(Anxiety OR Angst OR Nervousness OR Hypervigilance OR Social Anxiety OR Anxieties Social OR Anxiety Social OR Social Anxieties OR Anxiousness OR Emotions OR Emotion OR Feelings OR Feeling OR Regret OR Regrets) And TS=(Risk Factors OR Factor Risk OR Risk Factor OR Population at Risk OR Populations at Risk OR Risk Scores OR Risk Score OR Score Risk OR Risk Factor Scores OR Risk Factor Score OR Score Risk Factor OR Health Correlates OR Correlates Health OR Social Risk Factors OR Factor Social Risk OR Factors Social Risk OR Risk Factor Social OR Risk Factors Social OR Social Risk Factor) And TS=(Hepatitis B Chronic OR Hepatitis B Virus Infection Chronic OR Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection OR Chronic Hepatitis B)) (TS=(Depression OR Depressive Symptoms OR Depressive Symptom OR Symptom Depressive OR Emotional Depression OR Depression Emotional OR Anxiety OR Angst OR Nervousness OR Hypervigilance OR Social Anxiety OR Anxieties Social OR Anxiety Social OR Social Anxieties OR Anxiousness OR Emotions OR Emotion OR Feelings OR Feeling OR Regret OR Regrets) And TS=(Hepatitis B Chronic OR Hepatitis B Virus Infection Chronic OR Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection OR Chronic Hepatitis B))
Cochrane library	Emotions ('Emotion' OR 'Feelings' OR 'Feeling' OR 'Regret' OR 'Regrets'):ti,kw,ab OR Psychology ('Psychological Factors' OR 'Factor, Psychological' OR 'Psychological Factor' OR 'Factors, Psychological' OR 'Side Effects, Psychological' OR 'Psychological Side Effect' OR 'Side Effect, Psychological' OR 'Psychological Side Effects' OR 'Psychologists' OR 'Psychologist' OR 'Psychosocial Factors' OR 'Factor, Psychosocial' OR 'Factors, Psychosocial' OR 'Psychosocial Factor'):ti,kw,ab OR Depression ('Depressive Symptoms' OR 'Depressive Symptom' OR 'Symptom, Depressive' OR 'Emotional Depression' OR 'Depression, Emotional') OR Anxiety ('Angst' OR 'Nervousness' OR 'Hypervigilance' OR 'Social Anxiety' OR 'Anxieties, Social' OR 'Anxiety, Social' OR 'Social Anxieties' OR 'Anxiousness') AND Hepatitis B, Chronic ('Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Chronic' OR 'Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection' OR 'Chronic Hepatitis B'):ti,kw,ab
Database	EMBASE
Retrieval formula	Emotions: 'Emotion':ab,kw,ti OR 'Feelings':ab,kw,ti OR 'Feeling':ab,kw,ti OR 'Regret':ab,kw,ti OR 'Regrets':ab,kw,ti; Psychology: 'Psychological Factors':ab,kw,ti OR 'Factor, Psychological':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychological Factor':ab,kw,ti OR 'Factors, Psychological':ab,kw,ti OR 'Side Effects, Psychological':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychological Side Effect':ab,kw,ti OR 'Side Effect, Psychological':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychological Side Effects':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychologists':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychologist':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychosocial Factors':ab,kw,ti OR 'Factor, Psychosocial':ab,kw,ti OR 'Factors, Psychosocial':ab,kw,ti OR 'Psychosocial Factor':ab,kw,ti; Depression: 'Depressive Symptoms':ab,kw,ti OR 'Depressive Symptom':ab,kw,ti OR 'Symptom, Depressive':ab,kw,ti OR 'Emotional Depression':ab,kw,ti OR 'Depression, Emotional':ab,kw,ti; Anxiety: 'Angst':ab,kw,ti OR 'Nervousness':ab,kw,ti OR 'Hypervigilance':ab,kw,ti OR 'Social Anxiety':ab,kw,ti OR 'Anxieties, Social':ab,kw,ti OR 'Anxiety, Social':ab,kw,ti OR 'Social Anxieties':ab,kw,ti OR 'Anxiousness':ab,kw,ti; Hepatitis B, Chronic: 'Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Chronic':ab,kw,ti OR 'Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection':ab,kw,ti OR 'Chronic Hepatitis B'

Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Study type	Age [(mean ± SD), (min-max), mean (min-max)]	Total sample size	Anxiety incidence (%)	Incidence of depression (%)	Period	Correlation factor
Qin et al[6], 2021	China	Descriptive research	30-71	320	-	75	January 2018 to January 2020	Education level, duration of treatment, number of relapses, complications, nursing satisfaction
Liu et al[7], 2017	China	Cohort study	51.5 (37-79)	501158	-	1.09	2004-2008	Male, age, place of residence, household income, occupation
Huang et al[8], 2019	China	Cohort study	16-70	209	-	29.20	June 2017 to May 2018	Low FT3, total bilirubin
Shi et al[9], 2010	China	Cross-sectional study	16-68	132	-	57.60	1 June 2007 to 31 December 2007	Number of relapses, total score of social support, concern about infection, emotional stability, presence or absence of antiviral therapy, hepatitis score
Kunkel et al[10], 2000	America	Cross-sectional study	24-69	50	-	46	September 1998 to December 1998	Fatigue, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum glutamic oxalacetic aminotransferase
Weinstein et al[11], 2011	America	Retrospective study	43.6 ± 13.2	190	-	3.70	January 2001 to April 2010	Excessive drinking
Hajarizadeh et al[12], 2016	Australia	Cross-sectional study	45 (22-77)	93	76	-	April 2013 to September 2013	Low level of education, life-changing possibilities
Wu et al[13], 2023	China	Case-control study	-	747	-	-	July 2016 to October 2016	Sleep disorder
Ekmen et al[14], 2021	Türkiye	Cross-sectional study	40.58 ± 9.12	182	33.52	55.22	-	Degree of illness, emotional focus
Duan et al[15], 2012	China	Case-control study	52.40 ± 14.23	120	-	-	July 2009 to July 2010	Education, mood, hepatitis grading, sleep quality
Kong et al[16], 2021	China	Cross-sectional study	35.82 (18-66)	188	38.30	33.00	March 2018 to October 2018	Age, female, education level, duration of treatment
Keskin et al[17], 2013	Türkiye	Cross-sectional study	47.53 ± 13.79	96	2.10	40.60	April 2008 to September 2008	Age, physical function, environment, culture
Liu et al[18], 2011	China	Descriptive research	37.5 ± 9.3	120	52.50	-	September 2008 to March 2010	CD4+ T cell level, CD4/CD8 ratio
Vu et al[19], 2019	Vietnam	Cross-sectional study	49.2 ± 16.0	298	31.40	37.50	October 2018	CD4+ T cell level, CD4/CD8 ratio