He WM, Zhang XY, Xie WG, Lv DP, Shen QD. Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: Predictive value in the occurrence of violence. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14(9): 1346-1353 [PMID: 39319237 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1346]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Qun-Di Shen, MBBS, Associate Chief Technician, Department of General Affairs, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, No. 1234 Shengli West Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China. shenqundi@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
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World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2024; 14(9): 1346-1353 Published online Sep 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1346
Table 1 Detection results of myocardial enzymes in schizophrenic patients and healthy groups
Group
n
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)
A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
Schizophrenia group
288
49.76 ± 25.56
213.26 ± 40.21
155.23 ± 55.92
22.17 ± 7.64
160.23 ± 30.67
Health group
100
27.41 ± 12.33
172.71 ± 10.68
100.34 ± 8.37
14.23 ± 2.11
125 ± 6.38
t value
-
8.406
9.956
9.770
10.250
11.392
P value
-
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
Table 2 Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with different violent behaviors
Group
n
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)
A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
Violence group
123
75.67 ± 12.46
257.31 ± 15.43
219.34 ± 6.67
29.41 ± 6.23
195.38 ± 3.62
Non-violent group
165
30.61 ± 12.43
180.71 ± 11.34
107.84 ± 9.37
16.83 ± 2.34
134.24 ± 5.28
t value
-
30.400
48.566
112.418
23.795
110.493
P value
-
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
Table 3 Single factor analysis of influencing violence, n (%)
Factor
Violence group
Non-violent group
t/χ²
P value
Gender
Men
54 (43.90)
75 (45.45)
0.069
0.793
Women
69 (56.10)
90 (54.55)
Married
65 (52.84)
89 (53.94)
0.034
0.854
Inoccupation
77 (62.60)
97 (58.79)
0.429
0.513
Introverted
71 (57.72)
90 (54.55)
0.289
0.591
Irritability
75 (60.98)
62 (37.58)
15.471
0.000
Involuntary admission
50 (40.65)
79 (47.88)
1.489
0.222
Major life events
56 (45.53)
74 (44.85)
0.013
0.909
Depressed
66 (53.66)
94 (56.97)
0.313
0.576
Previous aggressive behavior
93 (75.61)
66 (40.00)
36.135
0.000
Anxious
1.58 ± 0.94
1.65 ± 1.12
0.561
0.575
Adopt a hostile attitude towards
3.04 ± 1.07
2.87 ± 1.08
1.327
0.186
Be suspicious
3.65 ± 1.45
3.19 ± 1.56
2.550
0.011
Hallucination
3.38 ± 1.68
3.15 ± 1.58
1.189
0.235
Behavior disorder
3.36 ± 1.39
3.14 ± 1.25
1.408
0.160
Drinking history
54 (43.90)
58 (35.15)
2.271
0.132
Smoking history
59 (47.97)
61 (36.97)
3.507
0.061
Number of hospitalization
≤ 3 times
76 (61.79)
119 (72.12)
3.441
0.064
> 3 times
47 (38.21)
46 (27.88)
Course of a disease
< 6 months
22 (17.89)
49 (29.70)
5.441
0.066
6-12months
54 (43.90)
59 (35.76)
> 12months
47 (38.21)
57 (34.54)
Personality characteristics
Introvert
40 (32.52)
62 (37.57)
3.409
0.182
Extroverted
30 (24.39)
26 (15.76)
Intermediate personality
53 (43.09)
77 (46.67)
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)
75.67 ± 12.46
30.61 ± 12.43
30.400
< 0.001
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
257.31 ± 15.43
180.71 ± 11.34
48.566
< 0.001
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
219.34 ± 6.67
107.84± 9.37
112.418
< 0.001
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)
29.41 ± 6.23
16.83 ± 2.34
23.795
< 0.001
A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
195.38 ± 3.62
134.24 ± 5.28
110.493
< 0.001
Table 4 Logistic multivariate analysis of violent behavior in schizophrenic patients
Variable
B
SE
Wals
P value
Exp(B)
95%CI
Irritability
0.388
0.991
0.153
0.696
1.474
0.211
10.286
Previous aggressive behavior
1.117
0.564
3.920
0.048
3.054
1.011
9.225
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)
0.169
0.021
63.748
0.000
1.184
1.136
1.235
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
-0.029
0.035
0.678
0.410
0.971
0.906
1.041
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
0.091
0.032
8.239
0.004
1.095
1.029
1.165
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)
0.373
0.093
16.009
0.000
1.452
1.210
1.744
A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
0.042
0.113
0.138
0.711
1.043
0.835
1.302
Constant
-19.685
22.600
0.759
0.384
0.000
Table 5 Diagnostic value analysis
Index
Areas under the curve
Sensitivity
Specificity
95%CI
Youden's index
Previous aggressive behavior
0.650
72.40
57.60
0.586-0.714
0.300
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)
0.930
89.40
89.70
0.899-0.962
0.791
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
0.913
91.10
93.30
0.874-0.952
0.844
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)
0.909
87.80
87.30
0.872-0.947
0.751
Citation: He WM, Zhang XY, Xie WG, Lv DP, Shen QD. Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: Predictive value in the occurrence of violence. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14(9): 1346-1353