Copyright
©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2024; 14(9): 1335-1345
Published online Sep 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1335
Published online Sep 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1335
All | Female | Male | P value | |
Number | 4880 | 2363 | 2517 | |
Age, years, mean ± SD | 38.70 ± 11.55 | 39.07 ± 11.49 | 38.35 ± 11.59 | 0.0271 |
< 45 | 3175 (65.06) | 1506 (63.73) | 1669 (66.31) | 0.059 |
≥ 45 | 1705 (34.94) | 857 (36.27) | 848 (33.69) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.278 | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 1993 (40.84) | 951 (40.25) | 1042 (41.40) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1057 (21.66) | 537 (22.73) | 520 (20.66) | |
Mexican American | 581 (11.91) | 269 (11.38) | 312 (12.40) | |
Other Race/ethnicity | 1249 (25.59) | 606 (25.65) | 643 (25.55) | |
Education level, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Below high school | 796 (16.31) | 346 (14.64) | 450 (17.88) | |
High school | 1037 (21.25) | 442 (18.71) | 595 (23.64) | |
College or above | 3047 (62.44) | 1575 (66.65) | 1472 (58.48) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.091 | |||
Other | 2562 (52.50) | 1270 (53.75) | 1292 (51.33) | |
Married | 2318 (47.50) | 1093 (46.25) | 1225 (48.67) | |
Poverty income ratio, mean ± SD | 2.53 ± 1.69 | 2.51 ± 1.69 | 2.55 ± 1.68 | 0.3031 |
≤ 1, n (%) | 1166 (23.89) | 584 (24.71) | 582 (24.71) | < 0.001 |
> 1, n (%) | 3714 (76.11) | 1779 (75.29) | 1935 (24.71) | |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.72 ± 6.87 | 29.24 ± 7.59 | 28.23 ± 6.08 | 0.0021 |
< 25, n (%) | 1592 (32.6) | 793 (33.56) | 799 (31.74) | < 0.001 |
≥ 25, n (%) | 2288 (67.3) | 1570 (66.44) | 1718 (68.26) | |
Muscle quality index, mean ± SD | 3.38 ± 0.63 | 3.28 ± 0.64 | 3.47 ± 0.61 | < 0.0011 |
Recreational activity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
None | 2121 (43.46) | 1078 (45.62) | 1043 (41.44) | |
Moderate | 1281 (26.25) | 715 (30.26) | 566 (22.49) | |
Vigorous | 557 (11.41) | 198 (8.38) | 359 (14.26) | |
Both | 921 (18.87) | 372 (15.74) | 549 (21.81) | |
Smoke, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 2887 (59.16) | 1557 (65.89) | 1330 (52.84) | |
Former | 814 (16.68) | 325 (13.75) | 489 (19.43) | |
Now | 1179 (24.16) | 481 (20.36) | 698 (27.73) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 0.629 | |||
No | 3578 (73.32) | 1740 (73.64) | 1838 (73.02) | |
Yes | 1302 (26.68) | 623 (26.36) | 679 (26.98) | |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.008 | |||
No | 1903 (39.00) | 876 (37.07) | 1027 (40.80) | |
Yes | 2977 (61.00) | 1487 (62.93) | 1490 (59.20) | |
Diabetes, n (%) | 0.182 | |||
No | 4511 (92.44) | 2172 (91.92) | 2339 (92.93) | |
Yes | 369 (7.56) | 191 (8.08) | 178 (7.07) | |
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 0.973 | |||
No | 4704 (96.39) | 2278 (96.40) | 2426 (96.38) | |
Yes | 176 (3.61) | 85 (3.60) | 91 (3.62) | |
Cancer, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 4688 (96.07) | 2240 (94.79) | 2448 (97.26) | |
Yes | 192 (3.93) | 123 (5.21) | 69 (2.74) | |
Depression, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 4468 (91.56) | 2094 (88.62) | 2374 (94.32) | |
Yes | 412 (8.44) | 269 (11.38) | 143 (5.68) |
All | Male | Female | P value1 | |||||
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |||
Model I | Muscle quality index | 0.66 (0.52-0.84) | 0.0018 | 1.03 (0.74-1.44) | 0.8490 | 0.59 (0.42-0.81) | 0.0035 | 0.0201 |
Muscle quality index group | 0.0109 | |||||||
1.12-3.38 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
3.38-5.83 | 0.68 (0.55-0.84) | 0.0011 | 1.18 (0.84-1.65) | 0.3403 | 0.55 (0.38-0.80) | 0.0035 | ||
Model II | Muscle quality index | 0.73 (0.58-0.91) | 0.0121 | 0.97 (0.71-1.33) | 0.8437 | 0.62 (0.45-0.86) | 0.0098 | 0.0689 |
Muscle quality index group | 0.0239 | |||||||
1.12-3.38 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
3.38-5.83 | 0.75 (0.61-0.92) | 0.0106 | 1.14 (0.83-1.57) | 0.4308 | 0.57 (0.39-0.84) | 0.0091 | ||
Model III | Muscle quality index | 0.81 (0.63-1.04) | 0.1321 | 1.08 (0.77-1.52) | 0.6586 | 0.68 (0.49-0.95) | 0.0482 | 0.0454 |
Muscle quality index group | 0.0124 | |||||||
1.12-3.38 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
3.38-5.83 | 0.83 (0.63-1.09) | 0.2001 | 1.29 (0.89-1.88) | 0.2053 | 0.61 (0.41-0.92) | 0.0402 |
OR (95%CI) | P value | |
Turning point (K) | 2.21 | |
< K effect 1 | 0.20 (0.14-0.64) | 0.008 |
> K effect 2 | 0.79 (0.63-1.05) | 0.086 |
Effect 2-1 | 4.27 (1.11-16.90) | 0.036 |
Model fit value at K | -1.64 (-1.93 to -1.38) | |
LRT test | 0.041 | |
95%CI of TP(K) | 2.21-2.50 |
- Citation: Huang GP, Mai LP, Zheng ZJ, Wang XP, He GD. Sex differences in the association between the muscle quality index and the incidence of depression: A cross-sectional study. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14(9): 1335-1345
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v14/i9/1335.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1335