Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2024; 14(9): 1335-1345
Published online Sep 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1335
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics according to gender

All
Female
Male
P value
Number488023632517
Age, years, mean ± SD38.70 ± 11.5539.07 ± 11.4938.35 ± 11.590.0271
    < 453175 (65.06)1506 (63.73)1669 (66.31)0.059
    ≥ 451705 (34.94)857 (36.27)848 (33.69)
Race, n (%)0.278
    Non-Hispanic White1993 (40.84)951 (40.25)1042 (41.40)
    Non-Hispanic Black1057 (21.66)537 (22.73)520 (20.66)
    Mexican American581 (11.91)269 (11.38)312 (12.40)
    Other Race/ethnicity1249 (25.59)606 (25.65)643 (25.55)
Education level, n (%)< 0.001
    Below high school796 (16.31)346 (14.64)450 (17.88)
    High school1037 (21.25)442 (18.71)595 (23.64)
    College or above3047 (62.44)1575 (66.65)1472 (58.48)
Marital status, n (%)0.091
    Other2562 (52.50)1270 (53.75)1292 (51.33)
    Married2318 (47.50)1093 (46.25)1225 (48.67)
Poverty income ratio, mean ± SD2.53 ± 1.692.51 ± 1.692.55 ± 1.680.3031
    ≤ 1, n (%)1166 (23.89)584 (24.71)582 (24.71)< 0.001
    > 1, n (%)3714 (76.11)1779 (75.29)1935 (24.71)
Body mass index, kg/m228.72 ± 6.8729.24 ± 7.5928.23 ± 6.080.0021
    < 25, n (%)1592 (32.6)793 (33.56)799 (31.74)< 0.001
    ≥ 25, n (%)2288 (67.3)1570 (66.44)1718 (68.26)
Muscle quality index, mean ± SD3.38 ± 0.633.28 ± 0.643.47 ± 0.61< 0.0011
Recreational activity, n (%)< 0.001
    None2121 (43.46)1078 (45.62)1043 (41.44)
    Moderate1281 (26.25)715 (30.26)566 (22.49)
    Vigorous557 (11.41)198 (8.38)359 (14.26)
    Both921 (18.87)372 (15.74)549 (21.81)
Smoke, n (%)< 0.001
    Never2887 (59.16)1557 (65.89)1330 (52.84)
    Former814 (16.68)325 (13.75)489 (19.43)
    Now1179 (24.16)481 (20.36)698 (27.73)
Hypertension, n (%)0.629
    No3578 (73.32)1740 (73.64)1838 (73.02)
    Yes1302 (26.68)623 (26.36)679 (26.98)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)0.008
    No1903 (39.00)876 (37.07)1027 (40.80)
    Yes2977 (61.00)1487 (62.93)1490 (59.20)
Diabetes, n (%)0.182
    No4511 (92.44)2172 (91.92)2339 (92.93)
    Yes369 (7.56)191 (8.08)178 (7.07)
Cardiovascular disease, n (%)0.973
    No4704 (96.39)2278 (96.40)2426 (96.38)
    Yes176 (3.61)85 (3.60)91 (3.62)
Cancer, n (%)< 0.001
    No4688 (96.07)2240 (94.79)2448 (97.26)
    Yes192 (3.93)123 (5.21)69 (2.74)
Depression, n (%)< 0.001
    No4468 (91.56)2094 (88.62)2374 (94.32)
    Yes412 (8.44)269 (11.38)143 (5.68)
Table 2 Weighted logistic regression analysis of muscle quality index with depression

All
Male
Female
P value1
OR (95%CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
Model IMuscle quality index0.66 (0.52-0.84)0.00181.03 (0.74-1.44)0.84900.59 (0.42-0.81)0.00350.0201
Muscle quality index group0.0109
1.12-3.38ReferenceReferenceReference
3.38-5.830.68 (0.55-0.84)0.00111.18 (0.84-1.65)0.34030.55 (0.38-0.80)0.0035
Model IIMuscle quality index0.73 (0.58-0.91)0.01210.97 (0.71-1.33)0.84370.62 (0.45-0.86)0.00980.0689
Muscle quality index group0.0239
1.12-3.38ReferenceReferenceReference
3.38-5.830.75 (0.61-0.92)0.01061.14 (0.83-1.57)0.43080.57 (0.39-0.84)0.0091
Model IIIMuscle quality index0.81 (0.63-1.04)0.13211.08 (0.77-1.52)0.65860.68 (0.49-0.95)0.04820.0454
Muscle quality index group0.0124
1.12-3.38ReferenceReferenceReference
3.38-5.830.83 (0.63-1.09)0.20011.29 (0.89-1.88)0.20530.61 (0.41-0.92)0.0402
Table 3 Threshold analysis

OR (95%CI)
P value
Turning point (K)2.21
    < K effect 10.20 (0.14-0.64)0.008
    > K effect 20.79 (0.63-1.05)0.086
    Effect 2-14.27 (1.11-16.90)0.036
Model fit value at K-1.64 (-1.93 to -1.38)
LRT test0.041
95%CI of TP(K)2.21-2.50