Effect of a systemic intervention combined with a psychological intervention in stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysfunction

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the normal and coalition groups, n (%)

Group	Gender		Age (yr)	Course of disease (d)	Stroke type
	Male	Female			Ischemic	Hemorrhagic
Coalition group (n = 45)	26 (57.78)	19 (42.22)	61.24 ± 8.97	13.11 ± 1.34	30 (66.67)	15 (33.33)
Regular group (n = 45)	24 (53.33)	21 (46.67)	62.33 ± 8.97	12.96 ± 1.40	27 (60.00)	18 (40.00)
χ2/t	0.180		-0.576	0.540	0.431
P value	0.671		0.566	0.591	0.512

Table 2 Comparison of swallowing function classification between the two groups pre- and post-intervention, n (%)

Group	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 4		Level 5
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Coalition group (n = 45)	0 (0.00)	18 (40.00)	9 (20.00)	14 (31.11)	12 (26.67)	7 (15.56)	15 (33.33)	5 (11.11)	9 (20.00)	1 (2.22)
Regular group (n = 45)	0 (0.00)	8 (17.78)	10 (22.22)	11 (24.44)	11 (24.44)	10 (22.22)	16 (35.56)	9 (20.00)	8 (17.78)	7 (15.56)
χ2	-	5.409	0.067	0.498	0.058	0.653	0.049	1.353	0.073	4.939
P value	-	0.020	0.796	0.480	0.809	0.419	0.824	0.245	0.788	0.026

-: Indicates no data.

Table 3 Comparison of standardized swallowing assessment scores between the two groups pre- and post-intervention

Group	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention
Coalition group (n = 45)	36.09 ± 4.75	22.76 ± 3.34a
Regular group (n = 45)	35.93 ± 4.70	28.40 ± 4.11a
t	0.156	-7.147
P value	0.876	< 0.001

^aP < 0.000001.

Table 4 Comparison of quality-of-life between the two groups pre- and post-intervention

Group	Pre- and post-intervention	Coalition group (n = 45)	Regular group (n = 45)	t	P value
Psychological burden	Pre	2.29 ± 0.69	2.18 ± 0.68	0.765	0.447
	Post	3.49 ± 0.69d	2.56 ± 0.78a	5.972	< 0.001
Symptom frequency	Pre	42.49 ± 10.05	40.64 ± 7.52	0.986	0.327
	Post	49.71 ± 9.12b	46.13 ± 5.99b	2.200	0.030
Food choice	Pre	4.84 ± 1.58	4.78 ± 1.24	0.223	0.824
	Post	6.53 ± 1.22d	5.78 ± 1.39b	3.470	0.001
Feeding time	Pre	4.71 ± 1.32	5.16 ± 0.88	-1.876	0.064
	Post	7.09 ± 1.53d	6.09 ± 1.06c	3.594	0.001
Willingness to eat	Pre	4.58 ± 1.12	4.49 ± 1.04	0.391	0.697
	Post	6.80 ± 1.71d	5.20 ± 1.22a	5.106	< 0.001
Fear	Pre	9.76 ± 1.80	9.67 ± 1.92	0.227	0.821
	Post	11.49 ± 1.90c	10.02 ± 1.63	3.927	< 0.001
Language communication	Pre	5.49 ± 1.65	5.80 ± 1.59	-0.912	0.364
	Post	7.64 ± 1.45d	6.56 ± 1.27a	3.790	< 0.001
Social function	Pre	11.71 ± 1.97	11.84 ± 1.82	-0.333	0.740
	Post	16.93 ± 2.09d	12.93 ± 1.97a	9.334	< 0.001
Mental health	Pre	12.00 ± 1.49	11.84 ± 1.61	0.475	0.636
	Post	16.60 ± 2.49d	12.49 ± 2.12	8.848	< 0.001
Fatigued	Pre	8.13 ± 1.38	8.00 ± 1.48	0.443	0.659
	Post	10.84 ± 1.38d	8.98 ± 1.27a	6.674	< 0.001
Sleep	Pre	6.42 ± 1.41	6.49 ± 0.94	-0.264	0.792
	Post	8.36 ± 0.96d	7.00 ± 1.21a	5.906	< 0.001
SWAL-QOL total score	Pre	112.42 ± 10.61	110.89 ± 9.17	0.733	0.465
	Post	145.49 ± 9.48d	123.33 ± 7.85d	12.077	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.

^cP < 0.0001.

^dP < 0.00001.

SWAL-QOL: Swallowing-Related Quality of Life.

Table 5 Comparison of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Aspiration	Aspiration pneumonia	Total incidence
Coalition group (n = 45)	1 (2.22)	1 (2.22)	2 (4.44)
Regular group (n = 45)	5 (11.11)	4 (8.89)	9 (20.00)
χ2			5.057
P value			0.024