Knowledge, attitudes and experiences of genetic testing for autism spectrum disorders among caregivers, patients, and health providers: A systematic review

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

	Percentage	Raw count
Year of publication
2012-2015	26.7%	8
2016-2019	43.3%	13
2020-2022	30.0%	9
Research country
America	63.3%	19
Taiwan	13.3%	4
Europe	13.3%	4
Other (Canada, Jordan, Malaysia)	10.0%	3
Sampling method
Convenience sampling	56.7%	17
Purposive sampling	20.0%	6
Random sampling	10.0%	3
Snowball sampling	10.0%	3
Missing	3.3%	1
Study setting
Online	53.3%	16
Face to Face	30.0%	9
Telephone	23.3%	7
Missing	10.0%	3
Assessment tools
Open-ended questionnaire	46.7%	14
Close and open-ended questionnaire	23.3%	7
Close-ended questionnaire	23.3%	7
Standard questionnaire	6.7%	2

Table 2 The topics covered by 30 included studies

ID	Year	Country/Region	Main findings										Ref.
			Knowledge				Experience		Attitude
			Cause (s) of ASD	Genetics and genetic testing	Pathway to acquire knowledge	Information needed	Being referred	Using	Perceived benefits	Perceived concerns	Intention to pursue	Intention to recommend
1	2012	America						a		a			[55]
2	2013	America	a					a	a		a		[45]
3	2013	America		a	a				a	a	a		[51]
4	2014	America	a	a			a	a	a				[36]
5	2014	America, France	a					a					[25]
6	2014	Taiwan	a										[42]
7	2015	America							a				[43]
8	2015	America								a			[41]
9	2016	America		a					a	a			[32]
10	2016	America		a		a		a					[50]
11	2016	America, Canada	a										[39]
12	2017	Norway							a	a			[40]
13	2017	Spain					a	a	a	a	a		[53]
14	2017	America	a										[44]
15	2018	America	a	a					a	a			[23]
16	2018	America					a	a	a	a	a		[28]
17	2018	America					a	a					[29]
18	2019	America		a	a			a	a	a		a	[46]
19	2019	Taiwan		a	a								[47]
20	2019	America		a	a	a							[52]
21	2020	America		a			a	a	a	a	a		[26]
22	2021	America		a							a		[54]
23	2021	America						a	a				[38]
24	2021	America							a	a			[35]
25	2021	Taiwan		a					a	a	a		[48]
26	2022	Sweden		a			a		a	a		a	[37]
27	2022	Taiwan		a							a		[49]
28	2022	America						a	a				[24]
29	2022	Jordan						a		a			[33]
30	2022	Malaysia		a				a		a			[27]