Relationship between nightmare distress and depressive symptoms in Chinese emergency department nurses: A cross-sectional study

doi:10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1087

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2023; 13(12): 1087-1095
Published online Dec 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1087

Table 1 Nightmare distress scores among emergency department nurses with different characteristics

Variable	Level	N (%)	Score (mean ± SD)	*t/F*	Degrees of freedom	P value
Sex	Male	54 (19.3)	42.39 ± 10.83	4.828		< 0.001
Sex	Female	226 (80.7)	34.61 ± 10.59			< 0.001
Age (yr)	≤ 25	55 (19.6)	37.55 ± 12.52	0.430	3/276	0.732
	26-35	124 (44.3)	35.63 ± 11.56
	36-45	88 (31.4)	35.78 ± 9.70
	> 45	13 (4.6)	36.85 ± 8.36
Educational level	Associate degree	52 (18.6)	34.12 ± 10.81	8.441	2/277	< 0.001
	Bachelor’s degree	213 (76.1)	35.84 ± 10.87
	Graduate degree or above	15 (5.4)	46.87 ± 8.90
Marital status	Unmarried	92 (32.9)	37.13 ± 12.27	1.048	2/277	0.352
	Married	177 (63.2)	35.42 ± 10.48
	Divorced or widowed	11 (3.9)	38.73 ± 8.87
Years of work	< 1	10 (3.6)	33.70 ± 11.94	3.507	3/276	0.016
	1-5	98 (35.0)	38.92 ± 12.13
	6-10	61 (21.8)	35.41 ± 11.38
	> 10	111 (39.6)	34.23 ± 9.30
Title	Junior nurse	44 (15.7)	33.14 ± 12.31	1.761	3/276	0.155
	Intermediate nurse	101 (36.1)	35.96 ± 11.64
	Nurse-in-charge	106 (37.9)	36.76 ± 10.04
	Senior nurse	29 (10.4)	38.76 ± 10.00
Monthly income (yuan)	< 5000	55 (19.6)	34.36 ± 11.21	10.647	2/277	< 0.001
	5000-10000	175 (62.5)	34.86 ± 10.76
	> 10000	50 (17.9)	42.42 ± 9.81
Number of night shifts per month	0-5	69 (24.6)	36.62 ± 9.48	2.069	2/277	0.128
	6-10	130 (46.4)	37.13 ± 11.55
	> 10	81 (28.9)	34.04 ± 11.33
Work pressure	None	16 (5.7)	31.94 ± 8.91	4.388	3/276	0.005
	Mild	16 (5.7)	32.19 ± 10.36
	Moderate	123 (43.9)	34.65 ± 10.31
	Severe	125 (44.6)	38.58 ± 11.63
Violence in the workplace	Never	6 (2.1)	34.33 ± 11.99	0.213	3/276	0.887
	Rarely	31 (11.1)	35.06 ± 11.97
	Sometimes	129 (46.1)	36.03 ± 11.55
	Always	114 (40.7)	36.58 ± 10.27
Self-reported health	Poor	110 (39.3)	38.75 ± 11.62	5.517	2/277	0.004
	Average	133 (47.5)	34.65 ± 10.25
	Good	37 (13.2)	33.49 ± 10.82
Regular exercise	Yes	105 (37.5)	36.90 ± 9.91	0.920		0.359
Regular exercise	No	175 (62.5)	35.64 ± 11.69			0.359
Province	Jiangxi	87 (31.1)	34.30 ± 10.97	8.835	8/271	< 0.001
	Sichuan	51 (18.2)	31.04 ± 9.48
	Jiangsu	41 (14.6)	33.05 ± 9.24
	Shanxi	24 (8.6)	33.42 ± 7.10
	Guangdong	12 (4.3)	43.00 ± 9.10
	Shaanxi	15 (5.4)	45.93 ± 10.22
	Hainan	19 (6.8)	43.11 ± 10.79
	Zhejiang	15 (5.4)	45.07 ± 7.49
	Hebei	16 (5.7)	42.94 ± 12.54

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Table 2 Correlation between nightmare distress and depression symptoms among emergency department nurses

Item	NDQ-CV total score	General nightmare distress	Daytime reality perception	CES-D total score	Depressed affect	Somatic symptoms	Interpersonal difficulties	Positive affect
NDQ-CV total score	1
General nightmare distress	0.983^a	1
Daytime reality perception	0.920^a	0.831^a	1
CES-D total score	0.732^a	0.722^a	0.667^a	1
Depressed affect	0.727^a	0.713^a	0.673^a	0.929^a	1
Somatic symptoms	0.737^a	0.713^a	0.701^a	0.933^a	0.864^a	1
Interpersonal difficulties	0.647^a	0.628^a	0.612^a	0.828^a	0.792^a	0.770^a	1
Positive affect	-0.406^a	-0.365^a	-0.447^a	-0.292^a	-0.546^a	-0.452^a	-0.460^a	1

^aP < 0.001.

NDQ-CV: Chinese version of the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire; CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

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Table 3 Independent variables in multivariate regression analysis

Independent variable	Code
Gender	Male = 1, female = 2
Education level	Associate degree = 1, bachelor’s degree = 2, graduate degree or above = 3
Years of work	< 1 year = 1, 1-5 years = 2, 6-10 years = 3, > 10 years = 4
Monthly income	< 5000 = 1, 5000-10000 = 2, > 10000 = 3
Work pressure	None = 1, mild = 2, moderate = 3, severe = 4
Self-reported health	Poor = 1, average = 2, good = 3
Province	Jiangxi = 1, Sichuan = 2, Jiangsu = 3, Shanxi = 4, Guangdong = 5, Shaanxi = 6, Hainan = 7, Zhejiang = 8, Hebei = 9

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Table 4 Multiple linear regression analysis results regarding nightmare distress in emergency department nurses

Item	b	SE	β	t	P value
Education level	2.051	0.982	0.088	2.088	0.038
Working pressure	1.154	0.543	0.085	2.124	0.035
Self-reported health	-1.338	0.649	-0.082	-2.064	0.040
CES-D total score	0.782	0.053	0.641	14.741	< 0.001

R² = 0.570, adjusted R² = 0.557; CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

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Citation: Gan QW, Yu R, Lian ZR, Yuan YL, Li YP, Zheng LL. Relationship between nightmare distress and depressive symptoms in Chinese emergency department nurses: A cross-sectional study. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13(12): 1087-1095
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v13/i12/1087.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1087