Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2022; 12(3): 494-504
Published online Mar 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.494
Table 1 General features of 4471 adolescents, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China, 2020
Features
Total (n = 4471)
SH (n = 1795)
Non-SH (n = 2676)
Test statistic
P value
Demographics
Age (X bar ± S)13.01 (0.40)13.42 (0.34)12.73 (0.43)-11.9910.01
Sex, n, (%): Boys2184 (48.8)824 (45.9)1360 (50.8)3.1720.09
Ethnicity, n, (%)0.3720.67
Han1242 (27.8)504 (28.1)738 (27.6)
Yi1788 (40.0)693 (38.6)1095 (40.9)
Others1441 (32.2)598 (33.3)843 (31.5)
Grade, n, (%)32.2420.01
Primary school1472 (32.9)374 (20.8)1098 (41.0)
Junior high school2442 (54.6)1157 (64.5)1285 (48.0)
Senior high school557 (12.5)264 (14.7)293 (10.9)
Mental health
Depression, n, (%): Yes (PHQ9 ≥ 10)501 (11.2)411 (22.9)90 (3.4)176.2720.01
Anxiety, n, (%): Yes (GAD7 ≥ 7)778 (17.4)570 (31.8)208 (7.8)244.4320.01
Personality traits
EPQ-E, n, (%)3.5430.01
Typical extroversion: Score E > 61.51024 (22.9)357 (19.9)667 (24.9)
Extroversion: 56.7 < score E ≤ 61.5740 (16.6)270 (15.0)470 (17.6)
Intermediate: 43.3 < score E ≤ 56.71825 (40.8)763 (42.5)1062 (39.7)
Introversion: 38.5 < score E ≤ 43.3419 (9.4)191 (10.6)228 (8.5)
Typical introversion: score E ≤ 38.5463 (10.4)214 (11.9)249 (9.3)
EPQ-N, n, (%)-18.1030.01
Typical neuroticism: Score N > 61.5646 (14.4)510 (28.4)136 (5.1)
Neuroticism: 56.7 < score N ≤ 61.5323 (7.2)197 (11.0)126 (4.7)
Intermediate: 43.3 < score N ≤ 56.71227 (27.4)574 (32.0)653 (24.4)
Non-neuroticism: 38.5 < score N ≤ 43.3 N ≤ 43.3552 (12.3)189 (10.5)363 (13.6)
Typical non-neuroticism: Score N ≤ 38.5 NN ≤ 38.51723 (38.5)325 (18.1)1398 (52.2)
EPQ-P, n, (%)-11.0230.01
Typical psychoticism: score P > 61.5422 (9.4)289 (16.1)133 (5.0)
Psychoticism: 56.7 < score P ≤ 61.5518 (11.6)308 (17.2)210 (7.8)
Intermediate: 43.3 < score P ≤ 56.72335 (52.2)967 (53.9)1368 (51.1)
Non-psychoticism: 38.5 < score P ≤ 43.31026 (22.9)211 (11.8)815 (30.5)
Typical non-psychoticism: Score P ≤ 38.5170 (3.8)20 (1.1)150 (5.6)
Resilience (Median, IQR)
Combined score89 (19)84 (16)93 (20)-15.9830.01
Goal concentration 17 (6)16 (6)18 (6)-11.1730.01
Emotion regulation 20 (7)18 (7)21 (6)-13.2630.01
Positive perception 14 (5)13 (5)14 (5)-2.6830.02
Family support 21 (6)19 (5)22 (5)-10.2730.01
Interpersonal assistance 20 (6)18 (6)21 (6)-10.9330.01
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression fitting results for associated factors of self-harm
Variable
Univariate model; Crude OR (90%CI)
Multivariate model 1; Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Multivariate model 2; Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Multivariate model 3; Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Age: +1 yr1.20 (1.14-1.27)1.00 (0.93-1.08)1.03 (0.95-1.11)1.01 (0.94-1.09)
Sex (Ref: Boys): Girls1.22 (1.01-1.46)0.98 (0.75-1.28)1.09 (0.89-1.34)0.98 (0.76-1.27)
Grade (Ref: Primary school)
Junior high school2.64 (2.11-3.31)1.81 (1.23-2.67)2.18 (1.49-3.19)1.82 (1.24-2.69)
Senior high school2.65 (2.01-3.48)1.43 (0.89-2.30)2.12 (1.29-3.49)1.51 (0.93-2.46)
Depression (Ref: PHQ9 < 10): PHQ9 ≥ 108.53 (6.29-11.59)2.21 (1.49-3.27)3.30 (2.56-4.82)2.18 (1.47-3.23)
Anxiety (Ref: GAD7 < 7): GAD7 ≥ 75.52 (4.55-6.69)1.43 (1.14-1.78)2.28 (1.84-2.83)1.37 (1.10-1.70)
Personality traits
EPQ-E (Ref: Typical extroversion, score E > 61.5)
Extroversion (56.7 < score E ≤ 61.5)1.07 (0.94-1.22)1.10 (0.90-1.34)1.05 (0.85-1.29)
Intermediate (43.3 < score E ≤ 56.7)1.34 (1.16-1.55)1.29 (1.06-1.57)1.13 (0.92-1.40)
Introversion (38.5 < score E ≤ 43.3)1.57 (1.26-1.95)1.50 (1.17-1.91)1.21 (0.94-1.54)
Typical introversion (score E ≤ 38.5)1.61 (1.26-2.04)1.90 (1.41-2.56)1.46 (1.14-1.87)
EPQ-N (Ref: Typical neuroticism, score N > 61.5)
Neuroticism (56.7 < score N ≤ 61.5)0.42 (0.33-0.52)0.63 (0.45-0.88)0.64 (0.45-0.91)
Intermediate (43.3 < score N ≤ 56.7)0.23 (0.20-0.27)0.45 (0.34-0.60)0.50 (0.37-0.67)
Non-neuroticism (38.5 < score N ≤ 43.3)0.14 (0.11-0.18)0.31 (0.21-0.46)0.36 (0.24-0.54)
Typical non-neuroticism (score N ≤ 38.5)0.06 (0.05-0.08)0.16 (0.11-0.22)0.19 (0.13-0.26)
EPQ-P (Ref: Typical psychoticism, score P > 61.5)
Psychoticism (56.7 < score P ≤ 61.5)0.67 (0.51-0.90)0.83 (0.61-1.13)0.86 (0.62-1.19)
Intermediate (43.3 < score P ≤ 56.7)0.33 (0.24-0.44)0.66 (0.47-0.93)0.73 (0.51-1.03)
Non-psychoticism (38.5 < score P ≤ 43.3)0.12 (0.09-0.17)0.36 (0.26-0.50)0.42 (0.30-0.58)
Typical non-psychoticism (score P ≤ 38.5) 0.06 (0.04-0.09)0.25 (0.14-0.42)0.29 (0.17-0.51)
Resilience (Ref: RSCA < 89): RSCA ≥ 890.32 (0.27-0.36)0.42 (0.36-0.50)0.63 (0.52-0.77)