Development and validation of a prediction model for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy and neuropsychological assessment

Figure 1 Nomogram for non-suicidal self-injury prediction model. This nomogram was constructed based on a multivariate logistic regression model to predict the risk of non-suicidal self-injury. The nomogram includes five predictor variables: Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation integral value, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale non-acceptance of emotional responses score, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire emotional neglect score, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 motor impulsiveness score, and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationships score. DLPFC: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11; ASLEC: Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist.

Figure 2 Validation of non-suicidal self-injury prediction model. A: Receiver operating characteristic curve: Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.891 (95%CI: 0.854-0.928); optimal cutoff = 0.485 with sensitivity 82.7% and specificity 81.4%; B: Calibration curve: Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ² = 8.256, P = 0.409, indicating good calibration. Bootstrap validation (1000 iterations): Corrected AUC = 0.876 (95%CI: 0.835-0.917); C: Decision curve: The model provides net benefit over treat-all or treat-none strategies within threshold probability range 015-0.85, demonstrating clinical utility. ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; NSSI: Non-suicidal self-injury.