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World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2026; 16(8): 118995
Published online Aug 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.118995
Published online Aug 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.118995
Development and validation of a prediction model for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy and neuropsychological assessment
Wan-Gen Liu, Huan-Zhen Liu, Hou-Qiang Fu, Chang Liu, Cheng-Xi Li, Clinical Psychological Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
Hao Lv, Outpatient Clinic, Cangzhou Boshi Youmian Comprehensive Outpatient Clinic, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
Author contributions: Liu HZ designed the study, performed statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript; Liu WG contributed to study design and critically revised the manuscript; Fu HQ and Liu C participated in data collection and neuromodulation treatments; Lv H was responsible for patient screening and clinical evaluations; Li CX assisted with statistical analysis and figure preparation; all authors approved the final manuscript.
Supported by the Hebei Province Medical Science Research Project Plan, No. 20261305.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Cangzhou Central Hospital (No. 2025-449-01).
Informed consent statement: This study was retrospective in nature and used anonymized clinical data. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Cangzhou Central Hospital.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to this study.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Huan-Zhen Liu, Clinical Psychological Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China. zhaoqi912@126.com
Received: February 10, 2026
Revised: March 15, 2026
Accepted: April 27, 2026
Published online: August 19, 2026
Processing time: 158 Days and 13.7 Hours
Revised: March 15, 2026
Accepted: April 27, 2026
Published online: August 19, 2026
Processing time: 158 Days and 13.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is difficult to identify early using self-report measures alone. This study developed and internally validated a prediction model integrating functional near-infrared spectroscopy prefrontal activation indicators with multidimensional neuropsychological assessments. Reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, emotional non-acceptance, childhood emotional neglect, motor impulsivity, and interpersonal stress were identified as independent predictors of NSSI. The nomogram-based model demonstrated good discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, providing an objective and practical tool for early risk identification and stratified intervention in adolescent NSSI.