Yueju pill regulates the mechanism of SIRT1/FoxO3a-mediated autophagy pathway against depression

Figure 1 Sucrose preference and forced swimming test results. A: Sucrose preference rates across groups; B: Immobility time in each group. ^aP < 0.05 vs blank group; ^bP < 0.05 vs model group.

Figure 2 Rat behavior test results. A: Comparison of the number grid crossings; B: Rearing frequency comparison; C: Comparison of tail stationary time. ^aP < 0.05 vs blank group; ^bP < 0.05 vs model group.

Figure 3 Serum neurotransmitter levels. A: Serum 5-hydroxytryptamine comparison across groups; B: Serum norepinephrine comparison; C: Serum dopamine comparison. ^aP < 0.05 vs blank group; ^bP < 0.05 vs model group. 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; NE: Norepinephrine; DA: Dopamine.

Figure 4 Hippocampus observed under transmission electron microscopy.

Figure 5 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/cAMP response element-binding protein axis-related protein expression. A: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) axis-associated protein bands across groups; B: BDNF protein expression; C: CREB protein expression. ^aP < 0.05 vs blank group; ^bP < 0.05 vs model group; ^cP < 0.05 vs fluoxetine group. BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB: CAMP response element-binding protein.

Figure 6 SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway protein expression. A: SIRT1/FOXO3a axis-related protein bands across groups; B: SIRT1 protein expression; C: FOXO3a protein expression. ^aP < 0.05 vs blank group; ^bP < 0.05 vs model group; ^cP < 0.05 vs fluoxetine group.

Figure 7 Autophagy-related protein expression. A: Autophagy-related protein bands across group; B: Beclin-1 protein expression; C: LC3 protein expression. ^aP < 0.05 vs blank group; ^bP < 0.05 vs model group; ^cP < 0.05 vs fluoxetine group.