Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation and psychological distress in Crohn’s disease: Insights from acute and chronic stress responses

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.111523

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Mar 19, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 27, 2026

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 111523
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.111523

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Figure 1 Comparison of hair cortisol levels in patients with Crohn’s disease and healthy controls.

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Figure 2 Distribution of emotional distress (including stress, anxiety, and depression) in patients with Crohn’s disease, based on Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 cut-off scores (normal to extremely severe). A: Stress; B: Anxiety; C: Depression.

Citation: Laoudi E, Papalouka D, Kokkotis G, Gkizis M, Mantzou A, Lyrakos G, Markopoulos P, Prapa P, Voulgaris T, Vlachogiannakos J, Papaconstantinou I, Bamias G. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation and psychological distress in Crohn’s disease: Insights from acute and chronic stress responses. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(3): 111523
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i3/111523.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.111523