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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 107936
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107936
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107936
Figure 1 The glymphatic system in healthy individuals and alcohol use disorder patients.
AQP4: Aquaporin 4; AUD: Alcohol use disorder; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; ISF: Interstitial fluid; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 1.
Figure 2 Pathogenic mechanism and confounding factor in alcohol-induced glymphatic dysfunction.
AQP4: Aquaporin 4.
- Citation: Lin JY, Zhang HB, Luo L, Li RJ, Wang XG. Glymphatic system dysfunction in alcohol use disorder: Current understanding and future directions. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 107936
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/107936.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107936