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World J Psychiatry. Jul 19, 2026; 16(7): 117775
Published online Jul 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.117775
Published online Jul 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.117775
Watson caring theory-based encouragement interventions for pain and anxiety in stage III-IV pressure ulcer patients
Jian Xing, Interventional Operating Room, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
Yuan-Ji Jia, Department of Burn and Wound Surgery, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
Jia-Qi Xin, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College (Huanggu Campus), Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
Jing-Yi Liu, Central Operating Room, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
Yue Cui, Emergency Department, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
Hong-Wei Zhang, Emergency Operating Room, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
Author contributions: Zhang HW designed this research; Xing J and Jia YJ conducted the literature search; Xing J, Jia YJ, Xin JQ, Liu JY, and Cui Y collected the cases; Xin JQ, Liu JY, Cui Y performed the data statistics and analysis; Zhang HW checked the overall results of the paper; all authors read and verified, and confirmed the final manuscript content.
Institutional review board statement: The research was reviewed and approved by The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College.
Informed consent statement: All research participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent prior to study registration.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest is associated with this work.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No other data available.
Corresponding author: Hong-Wei Zhang, Chief Nurse, Emergency Operating Room, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No. 5 Nanqi West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China. 13998886678@163.com
Received: January 13, 2026
Revised: February 5, 2026
Accepted: March 27, 2026
Published online: July 19, 2026
Processing time: 164 Days and 9.1 Hours
Revised: February 5, 2026
Accepted: March 27, 2026
Published online: July 19, 2026
Processing time: 164 Days and 9.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Encouraging interventions based on Watson’s theory of caring can effectively alleviate pain and anxiety in patients with stage III-IV pressure ulcer infections, improve their nutritional status and inflammatory responses, and reduce the risk of complications, thereby demonstrating significant clinical application value.