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World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 116291
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116291
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116291
Perioperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing transurethral urological surgeries: The role of anesthetic management
Jia-Ru Yu, Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
Xiao-Long Xu, Zhen Li, Yang Yu, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
Xiao-Ming Xu, Department of Urologic Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
Co-first authors: Jia-Ru Yu and Xiao-Long Xu.
Author contributions: Yu JR and Xu XL contributed to the study conception and design, data collection, and drafting of the manuscript, they contributed equally to this article, they are the co-first authors of this manuscript; Li Z and Yu Y participated in patient recruitment, clinical data acquisition, and statistical analysis; Xu XM supervised the overall study design, provided critical revisions to the manuscript for important intellectual content, and approved the final version for publication; and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: All of authors confirm that this manuscript was written, revised, and approved by ourselves without the use of any artificial intelligence tools. All authors are fully responsible for the completeness, accuracy, originality, and scientificity of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jiaxing Second Hospital, approval No. JXEY-2024JX032.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all patients at the time of clinical care and documented in the medical records, and the ethics committee approved the retrospective use of anonymized data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Xiao-Ming Xu, MD, Department of Urologic Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, No. 998 Qianhe Road, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China. xxm0505724@yeah.net
Received: November 28, 2025
Revised: December 26, 2025
Accepted: February 6, 2026
Published online: June 19, 2026
Processing time: 180 Days and 23.7 Hours
Revised: December 26, 2025
Accepted: February 6, 2026
Published online: June 19, 2026
Processing time: 180 Days and 23.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study highlights the high prevalence of perioperative anxiety and depression among patients undergoing transurethral urological surgery and their significant impact on postoperative outcomes. In this retrospective analysis of 120 cases, spinal anesthesia combined with music therapy and structured education effectively reduced anxiety and improved satisfaction. Dexmedetomidine demonstrated superior anxiolytic effects compared with midazolam, with fewer postoperative complications. These findings emphasize the need for routine psychological screening and multimodal management that integrates anesthetic, pharmacological, and psychological strategies to enhance recovery and overall patient well-being.