Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2026; 16(5): 114680
Published online May 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i5.114680
Published online May 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i5.114680
Clinical nursing pathways and psychological care in early liver cancer surgery patients: Effects on anxiety, depression, and pain
Ting Zhang, Hong-Xia Liang, Li-Dong Cao, Shuang-Shuang Hu, Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
Ting Zhang, Hong-Xia Liang, Shuang-Shuang Hu, Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
Co-first authors: Ting Zhang and Hong-Xia Liang.
Author contributions: Zhang T and Hu SS designed the study and were involved in the data acquisition and writing of this article; Liang HX and Cao LD contributed to the analysis of the manuscript; and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript; Zhang T and Liang HX have made crucial and indispensable contributions towards the completion of the project and thus qualified as the co-first authors of the paper.
Supported by Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General Scientific Research Project, No. Y202352666.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors who have taken part in this study have nothing to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Corresponding author: Shuang-Shuang Hu, Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China. 19906618227@163.com
Received: December 2, 2025
Revised: December 30, 2025
Accepted: February 2, 2026
Published online: May 19, 2026
Processing time: 148 Days and 0 Hours
Revised: December 30, 2025
Accepted: February 2, 2026
Published online: May 19, 2026
Processing time: 148 Days and 0 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Conventional care is unable to meet the detailed health needs and psychological support requirements of perioperative patients. This study proposed applying clinical nursing pathways and psychological nursing interventions for patients undergoing early liver cancer (eLC) surgery. This nursing model had significant clinical advantages over conventional nursing, as it significantly alleviated patients’ negative emotions, pain, and cancer-related fatigue and exerted a significant improvement effect on patients’ psychological resilience, treatment compliance, and nursing satisfaction. These results pro