Efficacy comparison of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and routine support on anxiety and sleep quality in peritoneal dialysis patients

doi:10.5498/wjp.122241

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2026; 16(10): 122241
Published online Oct 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.122241

Efficacy comparison of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and routine support on anxiety and sleep quality in peritoneal dialysis patients

Yu-Peng Liu, Chen-Chen Shen, Jing Li, Hui-Mi Huang, Jian-Ping Jiang, Ai-Qing Li

Yu-Peng Liu, Chen-Chen Shen, Jing Li, Hui-Mi Huang, Jian-Ping Jiang, Ai-Qing Li, Division of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Multi-organ Injury, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China

Ai-Qing Li, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China

Co-first authors: Yu-Peng Liu and Chen-Chen Shen.

Author contributions: Liu YP and Shen CC are the co-first authors of this study and have made equal contributions, including study design, data collection and analysis, and manuscript preparation; Li J, Huang HM and Jiang JP designed the experiments and conducted clinical data collection, performed postoperative follow-up and recorded the data; Liu YP, Shen CC and Li AQ conducted the collation and statistical analysis, and wrote the original manuscript and revised the paper; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

AI contribution statement: No AI tools were used in writing, editing, or generating any part of this manuscript, including text, images, and data analysis.

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82270742 and No. 82470738; and Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 2025B03J0134.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University.

Informed consent statement: The Medical Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University agrees to waive informed consent.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.

Data sharing statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Corresponding author: Ai-Qing Li, Division of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Multi-organ Injury, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China. liaiqing@smu.edu.cn

Received: May 9, 2026
Revised: June 8, 2026
Accepted: July 8, 2026
Published online: October 19, 2026
Processing time: 154 Days and 0.1 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) frequently experience anxiety and sleep disturbances. However, the comparative efficacy of psychological interventions on these symptoms remains unclear.

AIM

To compare the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and routine psychological support (PS) on anxiety symptoms and sleep quality in patients undergoing PD.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included patients receiving PD from June 2022 to June 2025. The patients were divided into the MBCT (8-week structured program) and PS (routine support) groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline, treatment end, and 3 months postbaseline by using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

RESULTS

Compared with PS, MBCT was associated with significantly greater improvements in mindfulness (P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms at treatment end and follow-up (both P < 0.001) and lower new-onset anxiety (P = 0.016). Sleep quality in the MBCT group at both time points improved more (P = 0.003 and P = 0.007) than that in the PS group. This change was accompanied with improved sleep onset latency (P = 0.001), total sleep time (P < 0.001), sleep disorders (P = 0.002), and daytime dysfunction (P = 0.004). Compared with PS, MBCT showed superior outcomes for depressive symptoms (P = 0.021) and mental and physical quality of life (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

In patients undergoing PD, MBCT is associated with superior improvements in anxiety, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and quality of life compared with routine PS.

Keywords: Peritoneal dialysis; Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; Routine psychological support; Anxiety; Sleep quality; Quality of life

Core Tip: This retrospective cohort study compared mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with routine psychological support in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. MBCT was associated with greater improvements in anxiety, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and quality of life, and with a lower rate of new-onset anxiety. These findings suggest that structured MBCT may offer meaningful psychological benefits beyond routine support in PD care.