Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Jul 19, 2025; 15(7): 104844
Published online Jul 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i7.104844
Effects of different timing nutritional support on the growth and development < 2 kg newborns and mothers' anxiety and depression
Li Gao, Fen Xu, Jie Yan, Yan Ma
Li Gao, Fen Xu, Jie Yan, Yan Ma, Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Gao L and Ma Y Research and write a manuscript; Gao L, Xu F, Yan J and Ma Y contributed to conceiving the research and analyzing data; Gao L and Ma Y conducted the analysis and provided guidance for the research; all authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University.
Informed consent statement: Before participating in this study, all the children's mothers had provided informed written consent on the child's medical data collection and their own questionnaire survey.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yan Ma, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, No. 2666 Ludang Road, Taihu New Town, Wujiang District, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China. wyb5022@163.com
Received: March 14, 2025
Revised: April 14, 2025
Accepted: May 16, 2025
Published online: July 19, 2025
Processing time: 118 Days and 18.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Newborns with low-birth-weight may lag behind those with normal-birth-weight in terms of growth, development, and nutritional status, which increases mothers’ concerns about the child’s future health and leads to anxiety and depression. Providing nutritional support to newborns with low-birth-weight to facilitate optimal growth and development may help alleviate maternal anxiety and depression.

AIM

To explore the effects of nutritional support timing on the growth and development of newborns born under 2 kg and their mothers' anxiety and depression.

METHODS

A total of 64 newborns born under 2 kg and their mothers who received treatment at the neonatology department of Suzhou Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2023 to October 2024 were selected and retrospectively evaluated. Newborns were then divided into the following two groups according to the start time of enteral nutrition support: Group S (32 cases, receiving enteral nutrition support within 24 hour of birth) and Group L (32 cases, receiving enteral nutrition support after 24 hour of birth). Thereafter, we compared the baseline data, as well as the milk intake and total bilirubin (TBIL) values, between the two groups at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after nutritional support. We also compared the occurrence of adverse digestive reactions (vomiting, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and residual symptoms), complications (neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and infection), growth and development indicators (weight, length, and head circumference) before and after nutritional support between the two groups of patients, as well as their mother’s anxiety [evaluated using the Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)] and depression [evaluated using the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS)].

RESULTS

No significant difference in baseline data was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Milk intake and TBIL levels in Group S were significantly better than those in Group L at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after nutritional support (P < 0.05). No significant differences in vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation, diarrhea, and residual adverse reactions were observed between the two groups during nutritional support (P > 0.05). Group S had a significantly reduce of fewer complications (i.e., neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and infection) than did Group L during nutritional support (P < 0.05). Before nutritional support, no significant differences in developmental indicators (weight, length, and head circumference) were noted between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, after nutritional support, the weight, length, and head circumference of both groups were higher than those before intervention, with Group S having significantly higher values than did Group L (P < 0.05). Mothers of children who received nutritional support had decreased SAS and SDS scores, with Group S mothers having significantly lower scores than did Group L mothers (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Enteral nutrition support had significant effects on newborns weighing < 2 kg within 24 hours of birth. In particular, it promoted the maturation of gastrointestinal function, enhanced nutrient absorption, promoted optimal short-term growth and development, and alleviated the mother’s anxiety and depression.

Keywords: Nutritional support; Low-birth-weight infants; Growth and development; Mother; Anxiety; Depressed

Core Tip: Newborns born under 2 kg often have difficulty feeding due to small stomach capacity, as well as poor absorption and digestive functions, which can affect their growth and development. As such, mothers may feel worried, anxious, and depressed. This study focused on the introduction of enteral nutrition support within 24 hours of birth, which can promote maturity of gastrointestinal function, improve nutrition absorption, facilitate the best growth and development in the short-term, and play a positive role in alleviating the mother’s anxiety and depression.