Analysis of anxiety and depression and influencing factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Natural killer (NK)/T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses accounts for approximately 10% of all lymphomas, and the occurrence of nasal NHL is related to Epstein-Barr virus infection.

AIM

To explore the anxiety and depression status of patients with NK/T-cell NHL in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses and analyzes the relevant influencing factors.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed, which included 30 patients with primary nasal NK/T-cell NHL treated in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023. An additional 50 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Both groups were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-rating (SDS). SDS and SAS scores of patients with NHL at different disease stages were analyzed, and they were further grouped into negative emotion (NE) (n = 19) and non-NE (n = 11) groups based on their depression and anxiety. Factors affecting the occurrence of NEs in patients with NHL were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Patients with NHL exhibited higher SDS and SAS scores than healthy controls. Moreover, patients with NHL at stages III and IV had higher SDS and SAS scores than those in stage I. Among the 30 patients, there were 13 patients with depression (43.3%), 16 patients with anxiety (53.3%), and 10 patients with both anxiety and depression (33.3%). Univariate analysis identified a higher proportion of people in the NE group with stage III-IV NHL, an educational level ≤ high school, and a monthly household income < 5000 yuan compared with the non-NE group. Multiple logistic regression analysis further revealed that stage III-IV was a risk factor for NEs in patients with NHL.

CONCLUSION

The stage of NK/T-cell NHL in nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses is closely related to patient anxiety and depression. The higher the staging, the greater the incidence of anxiety and depression.

Keywords: Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses; Natural killer/T-cells; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Anxiety; Depression

Core Tip: Nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is a rare disease that typically exhibits a highly aggressive clinical course. Its treatment is limited, mainly consisting of radiation or combined chemotherapy. As a negative stress event, lymphoma has a great effect on patients’ psychological status, family life, economy, and other aspects. Therefore, in clinical practice, the psychological well-being as well as changes in the physiological function of patients with cancer should be monitored. This study primarily analyzed the anxiety and depression status of patients with NK/T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the nasal cavities and sinuses to understand their psychological health status.