Degree centrality values in the left calcarine as a potential imaging biomarker for anxious major depressive disorder

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.100289

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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World J Psychiatry. Apr 19, 2025; 15(4): 100289
Published online Apr 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.100289

Degree centrality values in the left calcarine as a potential imaging biomarker for anxious major depressive disorder

Yu-Jun Gao, Li-Li Meng, Zhao-Yuan Lu, Xiang-You Li, Ru-Qin Luo, Hang Lin, Zhi-Ming Pan, Bao-Hua Xu, Qian-Kun Huang, Zhi-Gang Xiao, Ting-Ting Li, E Yin, Nian Wei, Chen Liu, Hong Lin

Yu-Jun Gao, Zhao-Yuan Lu, Ru-Qin Luo, Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, China

Yu-Jun Gao, Zhi-Ming Pan, Bao-Hua Xu, Qian-Kun Huang, Zhi-Gang Xiao, Ting-Ting Li, E Yin, Nian Wei, Chen Liu, Hong Lin, Department of Psychiatry, Yichang Mental Health Center, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China

Yu-Jun Gao, Zhi-Ming Pan, Bao-Hua Xu, Qian-Kun Huang, Zhi-Gang Xiao, Ting-Ting Li, E Yin, Nian Wei, Chen Liu, Hong Lin, Institute of Mental Health, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China

Yu-Jun Gao, Zhi-Ming Pan, Bao-Hua Xu, Qian-Kun Huang, Zhi-Gang Xiao, Ting-Ting Li, E Yin, Nian Wei, Chen Liu, Hong Lin, Department of Psychiatry, Yichang City Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China

Li-Li Meng, Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital of Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China

Xiang-You Li, Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, China

Hang Lin, Department of Nephrology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei Province, China

Co-first authors: Yu-Jun Gao and Li-Li Meng.

Co-corresponding authors: Chen Liu and Hong Lin.

Author contributions: Gao YJ, Liu C, Lin H, and Meng LL conceived and designed the study; Lin H, Pan ZM, Xu BH, Huang QK, Xiao ZG, Li TT, Yin E, and Wei N collected the data; Gao YJ analyzed the data; Gao YJ, Meng LL, and Lu ZY wrote and edited the manuscript; Li XY and Luo RQ provided guidance on manuscript writing; Liu C and Lin H supervised and directed all steps of the study. The final text was reviewed and approved by each author. Gao YJ and Meng LL contributed equally to this work as co-first authors. There are two corresponding authors for this paper, namely, Liu C and Lin H, for the following reasons. First, Liu C and Lin H conceived and designed the study. Second, Liu C and Lin H supervised and directed all steps of the study. In addition, they gave certain study resources to help with the completion of the study. The two authors played an indispensable and complementary role in the research process, contributing to the integrity and quality of the study in different dimensions. The division of labor among the two corresponding authors in their respective areas of expertise was reasonable and necessary throughout the study.

Supported by Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology Natural Fund, No. 2024AFC056; and the Open Fund of the Mental Health Research Institute at Three Gorges University, No. YCXL-23-11.

Institutional review board statement: The research protocol received approval from the ethical committee of Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center (No. KY2023121302).

Informed consent statement: All participants in the study supplied signed informed permission.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.

Data sharing statement: The authors of this research may provide the supporting data upon reasonable request.

Corresponding author: Yu-Jun Gao, PhD, Doctor, Academic Editor, Editor-in-Chief, Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, No. 505 South Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China. gaoyujun19820214@163.com

Received: August 12, 2024
Revised: December 23, 2024
Accepted: January 23, 2025
Published online: April 19, 2025
Processing time: 224 Days and 20.2 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid anxiety is an intricate psychiatric condition, but limited research is available on the degree centrality (DC) between anxious MDD and nonanxious MDD patients.

AIM

To examine changes in DC values and their use as neuroimaging biomarkers in anxious and non-anxious MDD patients.

METHODS

We examined 23 anxious MDD patients, 30 nonanxious MDD patients, and 28 healthy controls (HCs) using the DC for data analysis.

RESULTS

Compared with HCs, the anxious MDD group reported markedly reduced DC values in the right fusiform gyrus (FFG) and inferior occipital gyrus, whereas elevated DC values in the left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal angular gyrus. The nonanxious MDD group exhibited surged DC values in the bilateral cerebellum IX, right precuneus, and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Unlike the nonanxious MDD group, the anxious MDD group exhibited declined DC values in the right FFG and bilateral calcarine (CAL). Besides, declined DC values in the right FFG and bilateral CAL negatively correlated with anxiety scores in the MDD group.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that abnormal DC patterns in MDD, especially in the left CAL, can distinguish MDD from its anxiety subtype, indicating a potential neuroimaging biomarker.

Keywords: Major depressive disorder; Anxiety; Degree centrality; Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Core Tip: In this study, we investigated brain regions with altered degree centrality (DC) values by detecting DC in anxious major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and non-anxious MDD patients, and characterized them as possible neuroimaging biomarkers using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The results of our study showed that DC values of the right fusiform gyrus and bilateral calcarine (CAL) were reduced in the anxious MDD group compared to the non-anxious MDD group. Abnormal DC values in the left CAL may distinguish MDD from its anxiety subtype and serve as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for anxious MDD.