Efficacy of beta-blockers in the treatment of hematidrosis: A systematic review

Table 1 Analysis of hematidrosis cases and treatments

Ref.	Treatment	Main findings	Age (mean/range)	Sex (M/F)	Beta-blocker dosage	Follow-up duration	Outcome measures
Anyfantakis et al[1], 2024	Propranolol, psychotherapy	Symptoms linked to stress; propranolol effective	10-17	F: 5/M: 1	10-20 mg/day	4-12 weeks	Symptom cessation, no recurrence
Biswas et al[3], 2022	Propranolol, psychotherapy	Effective control with low-dose propranolol	13-18	F: 3	10 mg/day	2-4 weeks	Resolution of symptoms
Shafique et al[4], 2021	Propranolol, psychotherapy	94% success with propranolol	9-18	F: 33/M: 3	10-40 mg/day	1-6 months	Disappearance of hematidrosis episodes
Tshifularo[9], 2022	Propranolol, psychotherapy	Pediatric cases managed successfully	9-14	F: 5/M: 2	10-20 mg/day	2-3 weeks	No recurrence reported
Prabha et al[17], 2017	Propranolol	Positive response to propranolol	12-15	F: 2/M: 1	20-40 mg/day	3-8 weeks	Cessation of symptoms
Tshifularo[18], 2014	Propranolol, psychotherapy	Improvement under treatment	13-18	F: 4	10-20 mg/day	1 month	Episodes resolved
Kluger[19], 2018	Propranolol, relaxation	Stress-related cases improved	10-25	F	10-40 mg/day	Varied	Symptom resolution in most cases
Alsermani et al[20], 2018	Propranolol	Complete resolution of symptoms	14	F: 1	10 mg twice/day	3 weeks	Symptom-free

M: Male; F: Female.