Indocyanine green doped with chitosan nanoparticles based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontitis patients: A randomized clinical trial

doi:10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117125

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Randomized Clinical Trial

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Exp Med. Mar 20, 2026; 16(1): 117125
Published online Mar 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117125

Indocyanine green doped with chitosan nanoparticles based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontitis patients: A randomized clinical trial

Subash Chandra Raj, Sudip Sen, Debajani Baral, Devapratim Mohanty, Shaheda Tabassum, Swoyangprava Sil, Mrutyunjaya Sahu

Subash Chandra Raj, Devapratim Mohanty, Shaheda Tabassum, Swoyangprava Sil, Department of Periodontics, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India

Sudip Sen, Debajani Baral, Department of Dentistry, FM Medical College and Hospital, Balasore 756019, Odisha, India

Mrutyunjaya Sahu, Department of Dentistry, BB Medical College and Hospital, Balangir 767002, Odisha, India

Co-first authors: Subash Chandra Raj and Sudip Sen.

Author contributions: Raj SC, Sen S, Baral D, and Mohanty D contributed to the conceptualization; Sen S, Baral D, Sahu M, and Sil S contributed to the formal analysis and investigations; Tabassum S and Sen S contributed to the methodology; Raj SC contributed to the project administration; Raj SC and Sen S contributed to the writing-original draft; Raj SC, Sen S, Sil S, and Baral D contributed to the writing, review, and editing.

Institutional review board statement: The trial was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Guidelines, 1964 as revised in 2013 and recommended by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha under IEC/SCBDCH/170/2022 dated August 22, 2022.

Clinical trial registration statement: The trial was registered prospectively in the Clinical Trial Registry (ctri.nic.in) with registration number CTRI/2023/02/050002 (Registered on: February 22, 2023).

Informed consent statement: All participants signed an informed consent form before getting included in the study.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.

CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.

Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.

Corresponding author: Subash Chandra Raj, Full Professor, Head, Department of Periodontics, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Mangalabag Road, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India. drsubash007@gmail.com

Received: December 1, 2025
Revised: December 22, 2025
Accepted: February 3, 2026
Published online: March 20, 2026
Processing time: 106 Days and 17.1 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: This trial assesses the adjunctive use of indocyanine green-doped chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs-ICG) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with scaling and root planing (SRP) for periodontitis management. Conducted at SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, on 30 patients, the trial demonstrated significantly superior clinical and microbiological outcomes-particularly in improvement in probing depth, gain in clinical attachment level, and bacterial elimination-in comparison to conventional SRP alone. CNPs-ICG enhanced biofilm targeting and treatment precision through improved photosensitizer delivery. The findings highlight aPDT with CNPs-ICG as an effective, non-surgical, and minimally invasive alternative for patients unsuitable for periodontal surgery.