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World Journal of Experimental Medicine
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2220-315X
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2026; 16(2): 118252
Published online Jun 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.118252
Unveiling the antibiotic resistance pattern in Staphylococcus aureus: A systematic review (2013-2024)
Snehal M Deshmukhe, Chanda R Vyawahare, Poonam V Suryawanshi, Manisha M Ratnaparkhi, Nageswari R Gandham
Snehal M Deshmukhe, Chanda R Vyawahare, Manisha M Ratnaparkhi, Nageswari R Gandham, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre and Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Mahārāshtra, India
Poonam V Suryawanshi, Central Research Facility, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre and Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Mahārāshtra, India
Author contributions: Deshmukhe SM contributed to concept and design, drafted systematic review article, literature search; Vyawahare CR edited manuscript, literature search; Suryawanshi PV contributed to statistical analysis, literature search; Ratnaparkhi MM contributed to write manuscript, literature search; Gandham NR contributed to literature search; Deshmukhe SM, Vyawahare CR, Suryawanshi PV, Ratnaparkhi MM, Gandham NR contributed to finalized manuscript; all authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: Generative AI tools, including Paper pal and ChatGPT-4o, were utilized solely for language, grammar, and stylistic refinement. These tools had no role in the conceptualization, data analysis, interpretation of results, or substantive content development of this manuscript. All intellectual contributions, data analysis, and scientific interpretations remain the sole work of the authors. The final content was critically reviewed and edited to ensure accuracy and originality. The authors take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the work presented.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Corresponding author: Chanda R Vyawahare, MD, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre and Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Mahārāshtra, India. chandavyawahare@dpu.edu.in
Received: December 28, 2025
Revised: January 19, 2026
Accepted: March 10, 2026
Published online: June 20, 2026
Processing time: 167 Days and 21.6 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the six highly pathogenic nosocomial bacteria. These bacteria develop or evolve with several antibiotic resistance mechanisms and therefore known to escape antibiotic treatments. Several reports suggest that multidrug resistance in S. aureus is increasing worldwide over the time. Indian population is comprised of diverse ethnic group residing different geographical regions. Recent reports revealed that antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolates vary in different regions of India.

AIM

To identify antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus in India

METHODS

In the present study, we overviewed resistance in S. aureus isolates to different antibiotics. We searched for the research articles on antibiotic resistance in S. aureus from India using Scopus, Google scholar, and PubMed databases (Prospero registration No. PROSPERO 2025CRD420251153034). We identified a total of 26 articles published during 2013 to 2024 in English language. We extracted the information about the location of the study, antibiotics used and percentage of the resistant isolates.

RESULTS

Among 26 studies, most of the studies were reported from northern India (31%), southern India (27%) and eastern India (27%), followed by western India (11%) and Pan India (4%). The findings highlight very high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly penicillin and methicillin, reflecting a substantial burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides also showed elevated resistance levels, whereas linezolid, teicoplanin, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline retained comparatively better activity

CONCLUSION

The present review, demonstrated geographical region wise trends of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus from India, which will be useful in designing the further studies investigating antibiotic resistance patterns.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Geography; India; β lactam

Core Tip: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) antibiotic resistance reveals substantial regional heterogeneity across India, with significant variations in resistance rates even within the same geographical regions. This variance reflects variations in healthcare facilities, socioeconomic characteristics, and antibiotic usage behaviours. The results demonstrate the critical need for region-specific antibiotic stewardship programs and standardized, multicenter surveillance to direct efficient treatment and reduce the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus.
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