©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Crit Care Med. May 4, 2015; 4(2): 116-129
Published online May 4, 2015. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v4.i2.116
Published online May 4, 2015. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v4.i2.116
Fluid and electrolyte overload in critically ill patients: An overview
Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, André Luiz Nunes Gobatto, Lívia Maria Garcia Melro, Alexandre Toledo Maciel, Marcelo Park, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical Emergencies, Hospital das Clínicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil
André Luiz Nunes Gobatto, Alexandre Toledo Maciel, Imed Research Group, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sao Camilo Pompéia, Sao Paulo 05022-001 Brazil
Author contributions: Besen BAMP, Gobatto ALN, Melro LMG, Maciel AT and Park M all contributed to this paper and fulfill all authorship credits in accordance with the ICMJE guidelines.
Conflict-of-interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Correspondence to: Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, MD, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical Emergencies, Hospital das Clínicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Carvalho Aguiar street, 255, 6th Floor, Room 6040, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil. brunobesen@yahoo.com.br
Telephone: +55-11-26616457
Received: September 29, 2014
Peer-review started: October 2, 2014
First decision: November 14, 2014
Revised: December 24, 2014
Accepted: March 4, 2015
Article in press: March 5, 2015
Published online: May 4, 2015
Processing time: 206 Days and 0.1 Hours
Peer-review started: October 2, 2014
First decision: November 14, 2014
Revised: December 24, 2014
Accepted: March 4, 2015
Article in press: March 5, 2015
Published online: May 4, 2015
Processing time: 206 Days and 0.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Fluids are a cornerstone of the management of critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome who are at risk of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. However, as with any therapy, fluids can be associated with harm, such as added or worsening organ dysfunctions. Therefore, patients should be weaned from fluids when possible, sometimes through an active de-resuscitation strategy.