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World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2021; 10(5): 170-182
Published online Sep 9, 2021. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.170
Orosomucoid-like protein 3, rhinovirus and asthma
You-Ming Zhang
You-Ming Zhang, Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Molecular Genetics Group, Division of Respiratory Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Zhang YM wrote, read and approved this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: You-Ming Zhang, PhD, Lecturer, Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Molecular Genetics Group, Division of Respiratory Sciences, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom. y.zhang@imperial.ac.uk
Received: March 17, 2021
Peer-review started: March 17, 2021
First decision: April 6, 2021
Revised: April 16, 2021
Accepted: August 23, 2021
Article in press: August 23, 2021
Published online: September 9, 2021
Processing time: 175 Days and 18.9 Hours
Abstract

The genetic variants of orosomucoid-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene are associated with highly significant increases in the number of human rhinovirus (HRV)-induced wheezing episodes in children. Recent investigations have been focused on the mechanisms of ORMDL3 in rhinovirus infection for asthma and asthma exacerbations. ORMDL3 not only regulates major human rhinovirus receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, but also plays pivotal roles in viral infection through metabolisms of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER-Golgi interface and glycolysis. Research on the roles of ORMDL3 in HRV infection will lead us to identify new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in childhood asthma and viral induced asthma exacerbations.

Keywords: Asthma; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Orosomucoid-like protein 3; Rhinovirus infection; Sphingolipids

Core tip: Orosomucoid-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene has been identified to have a strong association with childhood asthma. The gene has also been found to link with human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in children. ORMDL3 mediates HRV infection through regulating expression of HRV receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1, metabolisms of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER-Golgi interface and glycolysis.