Modulatory role of vitamin D in atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis

Table 1 Summary of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses assessing vitamin D supplementation in pediatric atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis

Ref.	Population	Intervention	Comparator	Duration	Key outcomes
Siddiqui et al[15], 2022	5–12 years with moderate AD	1000 IU/day vitamin D	Placebo	3 months	Significant improvement in SCORAD scores; no adverse effects reported
Borzutzky et al[16], 2024	2-17 years with AD; 57% were vitamin D -deficient at baseline	8000 IU-16000 IU, weekly oral vitamin D3	Placebo	6 weeks	Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly raised blood vitamin D levels compared to placebo. However, there was no significant change in atopic dermatitis severity (SCORAD) between the groups
Javanbakht et al[17], 2020	4-12 years with AD and low vitamin D levels	2000 IU daily vitamin D3	Placebo	3 months	Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the severity of atopic dermatitis compared to placebo. The study concluded that vitamin D may be a helpful additional treatment for children with AD who have low vitamin D levels
Li et al[18], 2022	Pediatric population	Vitamin D supplementation (various doses, mostly oral)	Placebo	Variable, from weeks to months	Vitamin D significantly reduced disease severity in atopic dermatitis (SCORAD, EASI scores) and improved symptoms and medication use in allergic rhinitis. These findings support vitamin D as a helpful add-on treatment, but more consistent study methods are needed

AD: Atopic dermatitis; SCORAD: Scoring atopic dermatitis; EASI: Eczema area and severity index.