Imaging of pediatric pulmonary infections: A pictorial review

Figure 1 Neck X-Ray of a child demonstrating the “steeple sign” where the narrowing of the subglottic region (just below the vocal cords) resembles a church steeple or an inverted V.

Figure 2 Axial contrast enhanced arterial phase computed tomography image showing the split pleura sign, seen with pleural empyemas refers to the thickening and increased contrast enhancement of the visceral and parietal pleura separated by empyema or an exudative effusion (arrows).

Figure 3 Aspergillus infection in a child[7]. A: Chest X-ray showcases a solitary rounded pulmonary lesion in a patient with leukemia (arrow); B: Further evaluation with computed tomography demonstrates cavitation of the lesion and a ground glass halo sign (arrow); C: Different immunocompromised patient with fungal infection showcasing the "air crescent sign" (arrowheads). Citation: Varotto A, Orsatti G, Crimì F, Cecchin D, Toffolutti T, Zucchetta P, Stramare R. Radiological Assessment of Paediatric Fungal Infections: A Pictorial Review With Focus on PET/MRI. In Vivo 2019; 33: 1727-1735. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by the International Institute of Anticancer Research (https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/editorial-policies).