Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in children, on the link between injurious mutations and inflammation: Two case reports and review of the literature

Figure 1 Electrocardiography, echocardiography, angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of a 13-year-old boy with a single episode of syncope and ventricular tachycardia. A: Electrocardiography (ECG) fragment with wide complex QRS tachycardia and a heart rate of 250 per minute; B: ECG during chest pain, sinus rhythm with a heart rate of 64 bpm, and right bundle branch block; C: Echocardiography—right ventricle dilation in the four-chamber position and parasternal position in the long and short axes; D: Type of coronary blood supply—right, coronary arteries with no angiographic signs of atherosclerotic lesions, no local stenosis, and satisfactory blood flow; E: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging—right ventricular (RV) dilation and late gadolinium enhancement in the RV myocardium. RA: Right atrial; RV: Right ventricular; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement.

Figure 2 Phenotypic characteristics, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of a 4-year-old child with Carvajal syndrome. A: Child’s phenotypic characteristics: Curly-wool hair and palmoplantar keratoderma; B: Electrocardiography (ECG) fragment with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and a heart rate ranging from 128 to 165 per minute; C: Echocardiography: Global longitudinal strain decreased by 8% due to hypokinesis in the left ventricular (LV) posterolateral segment; D: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: LV dilation and late gadolinium enhancement in the ventricular myocardium. RA: Right atrial; RV: Right ventricular; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement.