Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.111641

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 111641
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.111641

Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions

Hasan Hasan, Randi Hagerman, Daphne S Say, Anh P Nguyen, Kikelomo Babata, Temitayo Oyegbile-Chidi, Angel Herrera-Guerra, Carme Torrents, Carrie E Silver, Bibiana Restrepo

Hasan Hasan, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Hasan Hasan, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00973, Bahrain

Randi Hagerman, Carrie E Silver, Bibiana Restrepo, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Daphne S Say, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Daphne S Say, University of California, Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Anh P Nguyen, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Kikelomo Babata, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States

Temitayo Oyegbile-Chidi, Pediatric Neurology, Epilepsy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, MIND Institute, Center for Mind and Brain, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Angel Herrera-Guerra, Carme Torrents, Bibiana Restrepo, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States

Carme Torrents, Unit of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Barcelona 08208, Catalonia, Spain

Author contributions: Restrepo B, Hasan H contributed to conceptualization; Hasan H, Hagerman R, Say DS, Nguyen AP, Babata K, Oyegbile-Chidi T, Herrera-Guerra A, Torrents C, Silver CE, Restrepo B contributed to writing original draft; Hasan H contributed to figure preparation; all authors read and approved the final draft of the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Hasan Hasan, MD, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2825 50^th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States. hasan.hasan.14@ucl.ac.uk

Received: July 6, 2025
Revised: August 8, 2025
Accepted: October 21, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 119 Days and 1.6 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: This narrative review comprehensively explores the wide range of medical, psychiatric, neurological, and behavioral co-occurring conditions (CCs) in individuals with autism. Authored by experts in the field, it synthesizes current evidence and clinical insight to support early recognition and integrated care. Notably, such an extensive and multidisciplinary review of autism CCs has not been previously published, addressing a significant gap in the literature.