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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 110612
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612
Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A narrative review
Narpinder Malhi, Department of Behavioral Health, ChristianaCare, Wilmington, DE 19899, United States
Margaret Weiss, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
James Waxmonsky, Raman Baweja, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
Author contributions: Malhi N performed the initial literature review and prepared the original draft; Weiss M and Waxmonsky J reviewed & edited the original draft; Baweja R edited the draft and approved the final version; All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Weiss M has received consulting fees/honoraria from Ironshore, Revibe Technologies, and Peri; was previously on the advisory boards of Ironshore, Revibe Technologies, and Periapt; and has received royalties from Multi Health Systems. Waxmonsky J served as consultant Ironshore Pharma. Baweja R has received grant funding from the Cardinal Health Foundation (through the Children’s Hospital Association and the Zero Suicide Initiative), research contract with Supernus, and served on the advisory board for Ironshore. Malhi N has no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Raman Baweja, MD, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Beha
Received: June 11, 2025
Revised: June 23, 2025
Accepted: September 11, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 143 Days and 10.7 Hours
Revised: June 23, 2025
Accepted: September 11, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 143 Days and 10.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently experience sleep disturbances, and many primary sleep disorders can worsen attention, hyperactivity and emotion regulation. It is essential for clinicians to assess for underlying sleep issues in children referred for ADHD evaluation. Recognizing that ADHD can impact both daytime func