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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 107346
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.107346
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.107346
Long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy: Impacts on early childhood growth and development in a multicenter study
Linda Yanti, Surtiningsih, Fauziah Hanum Nur Ardiyani, Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Banyumas 53182, Central Java, Indonesia
Ni Nyoman Ayu Desy Sekarini, Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja 81116, Bali, Indonesia
Dwi Susanti, Department of Nursing, Batin Mangunang Regional General Hospital, Tanggamus 35384, Lampung, Indonesia
Mustaan, Department of Nursing, Lotim Medical Center Hospital, East Lombok 83611, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Murniati, Nursing Doctoral Program, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Selangor, Malaysia
Murniati, Nursing Study Program, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Banyumas 53182, Central Java, Indonesia
Supriyadi, Department of Biostatistics, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Banyumas 53181, Central Java, Indonesia
Agus Santosa, Department of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Banyumas 53181, Central Java, Indonesia
Co-corresponding authors: Linda Yanti and Agus Santosa.
Author contributions: Yanti L contributed to study design, data collection, statistical analysis, data interpretation, manuscript preparation, literature search, and funding acquisition; Surtiningsih , Adriyani FHN, Sekarini NYAD, and Mustaan contributed to data collection; Murniati contributed to the literature search; Supriyadi contributed to the statistical analysis and data interpretation; Santosa A contributed to statistical analysis, data interpretation, literature search, and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto with the registration number KEPK/UMP/19/VI/2021. The research adhered to the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.
Informed consent statement: Subjects willing to participate were asked to sign an informed consent form.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare they have no financial or personal relationships with individuals or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Linda Yanti, Lecturer, Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Jl. Raden Patah No. 100, Kedunglongsir, Ledug, Kecamatan Kembaran, Banyumas 53182, Central Java, Indonesia. lindayanti@uhb.ac.id
Received: March 21, 2025
Revised: April 17, 2025
Accepted: June 11, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 225 Days and 0.5 Hours
Revised: April 17, 2025
Accepted: June 11, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 225 Days and 0.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Unintended pregnancy was found to significantly affect the resultant children’s growth and development. The children of unplanned pregnancies more frequently presented undernutrition, abnormal growth patterns, emotional disorders, and developmental delays. To mitigate such risks to the child’s growth and development, early intervention, comprehensive prenatal care, and improved access to family planning are essential.