Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 105820
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.105820
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.105820
Determinants of infection for antibiotic initiation at pediatric emergency admission: A prospective observational study
Samreen Yusuf, Anil K Goel, Swasti Keshri, Division of Pediatrics Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India
Ashish Wasudeo Khobragade, Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India
Padma Das, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India
Gudipudi Sai Vamsi Manoj, Sai Pratap Reddy, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India
Anish Kumar Saha, Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India
Seema Shah, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India
Co-first authors: Samreen Yusuf and Anil K Goel.
Author contributions: Yusuf S and Goel AK contributed to concept design, literature search, manuscript preparation, and final approval; Keshri S, Das P, Shah S, and Khobragade AW contributed to data capture and manuscript editing; Manoj GSV, Reddy SP, and Saha AK contributed to figure and table design and data analysis; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The Institute Ethics Committee, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) reviewed and discussed above referenced PG thesis proposal in the meeting held on August 14, 2021.
Informed consent statement: All provided informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement- checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: Data will not be shared with any person or institute or organization and privacy of the data and document will be kept confidential.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Anil K Goel, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, GE Road Raipur, Raipur 492099, Chhattīsgarh, India.
Received: February 8, 2025
Revised: March 26, 2025
Accepted: June 9, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 266 Days and 6.6 Hours
Revised: March 26, 2025
Accepted: June 9, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 266 Days and 6.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Diagnosing pediatric sepsis is challenging in a pediatric emergency medicine setting due to nonspecific signs and symptoms. This can lead to both overutilization and underutilization of antibiotics. The Children’s Antibiotic Requirement Evaluation Score Index is a composite of seven easy-to-determine clinical parameters, i.e. abnormal color, fever, fluid overload, altered sensorium, cellulitis, prior antibiotic use, and C-reactive protein levels, which can guide the emergency physician to use antibiotics rationally during the golden hour of care (i.e. the first 60 minutes). This should help to develop a standard and objective approach for the judicious use of antibiotics in pediatric emergency medicine setting.