Clinical outcomes of humeral shaft fractures managed with intramedullary K-wires: A closed reduction approach

Table 1 Sociodemographic parameters and comorbidities of patients (N = 20), n (%)

Variable		Value
Gender	Female	4 (20.0)
	Male	16 (80.0)
Age (years)	mean ± SD	39.2 ± 23.5
	Range	14-83
BMI (kg/m2)	mean ± SD	29.5 ± 7.5
	Range	17.2-48.2
ASA classification	Class 1	6 (30.0)
	Class 2	8 (40.0)
	Class 3	6 (30.0)
Diabetes mellitus	No	13 (65.0)
	Yes	7 (35.0)
Hypertension	No	15 (75.0)
	Yes	5 (25.0)
Dyslipidemia	No	16 (80.0)
	Yes	4 (20.0)
Smoking status	No	18 (90.0)
	Yes	2 (10.0)
Other comorbidities	No	11 (55.0)
	Yes	9 (45.0)

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Different parameters of Fractures and its management (N = 20), n (%)

Variable		Value
Mechanism of injury	Fall	8 (40.0)
	MVA	7 (35.0)
	Trauma	5 (25.0)
Fracture location	Proximal third	4 (20.0)
	Middle third	14 (70.0)
	Distal third	2 (10.0)
Fracture type	Oblique	7 (35.0)
	Comminuted	5 (25.0)
	Spiral	4 (20.0)
	Transverse	4 (20.0)
Radial nerve status pre-operative	Intact	20 (100.0)
Type of anesthesia	General	20 (100.0)
Approach	Posterior	20 (100.0)
Duration of surgery (minutes)	mean ± SD	132.0 ± 67.1
	Range	70-362
Estimated blood loss (mL)	200	2 (10.0)
	100	10 (50.0)
	50	8 (40.0)

MVA: Motor vehicle accident.

Table 3 Effectiveness of closed reduction and internal fixation, intraoperative complications and post-operative outcome (N = 20), n (%)

Variable		Value
Intra-op complications	None	20 (100.0)
Length of stay	One day	20 (100.0)
Radial nerve status post-operative	Intact	20 (100.0)
Wound complications at the first follow-up visit	Clean wound	20 (100.0)
Clinical union	Yes	20 (100.0)
Radiological union	Yes	20 (100.0)
Time till clinical union (weeks)	mean ± SD	8 ± 5
Time till radiological union (weeks)	mean ± SD	14 ± 6
Time still K-wires removal (months)	mean ± SD	11.3 ± 4.3
	Range	3-20
	Not yet removed	9 (45)

Table 4 Association of different sociodemographic parameters and post-operative range of motions (N = 20), n (%)

		Range of motion after intervention		P value
		Other lower ranges	0-150 degree
Gender	Female	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)	0.5871
	Male	5 (31.3)	11 (68.8)
Age (years)	mean ± SD	34.1 ± 18.7	42.0 (26.0)	0.4922
BMI (kg/m2)	mean ± SD	29.2 ± 8.5	29.7 (7.2)	0.8932
ASA classification	1	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)	0.4471
	2	4 (50.0)	4 (50.0)
	3	1 (16.7)	5 (83.3)
Diabetes mellitus	No	6 (46.2)	7 (53.8)	0.3291
	Yes	1 (14.3)	6 (85.7)
Hypertension	No	6 (40.0)	9 (60.0)	0.6131
	Yes	1 (20.0)	4 (80.0)
Dyslipidemia	No	6 (37.5)	10 (62.5)	1.0001
	Yes	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)
Others commodities	No	5 (45.5)	6 (54.5)	0.3741
	Yes	2 (22.2)	7 (77.8)
Smoking status	No	5 (27.8)	13 (72.2)	0.1111
	Yes	2 (100.0)	0 (0.0)

¹Fisher’s exact test.

²Independent T test.

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 5 Association of different management related parameters and post-operative range of motions (N = 20), n (%)

		Range of motion after intervention		P value
		Other lower ranges	0-150 degree
Mechanism of injury	Fall	2 (25.0)	6 (75.0)	0.8481
	MVA	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)
	Trauma	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)
Fracture location	Proximal third	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)	0.7931
	Middle third	6 (42.9)	8 (57.1)
	Distal third	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Fracture type	Oblique	2 (28.6)	5 (71.4)	0.9281
	Comminuted	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)
	Spiral	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)
	Transverse	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)
Surgery duration (minutes)	mean ± SD	109.9 ± 21.4	144.0 ± 80.4	0.2902
Estimated blood loss (mL)	200	2 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	0.1471
	100	2 (20.0)	8 (80.0)
	50	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)

¹Fisher’s exact test.

²Independent T test.

MVA: Motor vehicle accident.