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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Orthop. May 18, 2024; 15(5): 400-403
Published online May 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i5.400
Published online May 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i5.400
APBOs | Ref. | Description | Most recent clinical evidence |
PRP | Xiong et al[2] | PRP is derived from whole blood and is rich in platelets, can be LR or LP, is poor in erythrocytes, and can be activated using external activators | An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis examined 24 RCTs with 1344 patients and reported significant improvements in the VAS, KOOS, WOMAC, and IKDC scores in the PRP group compared to the controls (saline and/or HA) |
PL | Hosseini et al[3] | PL is derived from PRP and formulated via a double freeze/thaw cycle | A recent RCT involving 50 patients reported significant improvements in VAS, WOMAC, and ROM scores at the 6-mo follow-up in the PL group compared to the baseline and PRP group |
ACS | Raeissadat et al[4] | ACS is formulated by incubating whole blood with CrSO4-coated glass beads | A recent meta-analysis investigated eight clinical studies involving 439 patients with at least 3 mo of follow-up and reported significant improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores post-treatment with ACS compared to the baseline |
GOLDIC | Tulpule et al[5] | GOLDIC is a type of ACS and involves incubating whole blood with gold particles | A recent prospective study involving 65 patients (106 knees) reported significant improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores at the 12-mo follow-up in patients treated with serial injections of GOLDIC compared to the baseline |
PRGF | Ríos Luna et al[6] | PRGF is formulated by activating erythrocyte poor and LP-PRP with CaCl2 | A recent retrospective observational study involving 79 patients (85 knees) reported significant improvements in the KOOS score at the 11-mo follow-up post-administration of PRGF compared to the baseline |
GFC | Saraf et al[7] | GFC is an acellular formulation prepared by incubating whole blood with an external platelet activator | A recent RCT involving 58 participants reported significant improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores at the 12-mo follow-up in patients treated with serial injections of GFC compared to the control |
APS | Kuwasawa et al[8] | APS is derived from and formulated by exposing LR-PRP to polyacrylamide beads | A recent retrospective study assessed 148 knees and reported significant improvement in the KOOS score at the 12-mo follow-up post-injection of APS compared to the baseline |
PRF | Cheeva-Akrapan and Turajane[9] | PRF is derived from whole blood, formulated without the use of an anticoagulant, and consists of autologous platelets and a LR fibrin matrix | A recent prospective cohort study involving 368 participants reported that nearly 80% of patients had their surgery postponed over 3 yr following the administration of PRP supplemented with PRF, supporting its utility in treating osteoarthritis patients for long-term effects |
HS | Olmos Calvo et al[10] | HS is formulated by mechanically releasing, via pressing or centrifugation, growth factors and cytokines from the PRF clot | A recent clinical study involving 24 patients reported significant improvements in Lysholm-Tegner, VAS, and KOOS scores at the 6-mo follow-up in patients treated with serial injections of HS compared to the baseline |
ACP | Korpershoek et al[11] | ACP is a single-spin LP-PRP formulation | A recent real-world prospective case series involving 260 patients (307 knees) reported significant improvement in KOOS and NPRS at the 12-mo follow-up compared to the baseline after administration of 3 weekly intra-articular injections of ACP. Interestingly, despite a statistically significant outcome for the KOOS score, the MCID was not accomplished |
- Citation: Gupta A, Jain VK. Autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics: Different types and their effectiveness in managing knee osteoarthritis. World J Orthop 2024; 15(5): 400-403
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v15/i5/400.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i5.400