Petukhova VV, Maletin AS, Mushkin AY, Kostik MM. Spinal involvement in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis - diagnostics, treatment and what remains in the shadows: A literature review. World J Orthop 2025; 16(10): 109095 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i10.109095]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Mikhail M Kostik, MD, PhD, Professor, Hospital Pediatry, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lytovskaya 2, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia. kost-mikhail@yandex.ru
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Orthopedics
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Systematic Reviews
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Oct 18, 2025 (publication date) through Oct 25, 2025
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World Journal of Orthopedics
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2218-5836
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Petukhova VV, Maletin AS, Mushkin AY, Kostik MM. Spinal involvement in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis - diagnostics, treatment and what remains in the shadows: A literature review. World J Orthop 2025; 16(10): 109095 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i10.109095]
World J Orthop. Oct 18, 2025; 16(10): 109095 Published online Oct 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i10.109095
Spinal involvement in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis - diagnostics, treatment and what remains in the shadows: A literature review
Veronika V Petukhova, Alexey S Maletin, Alexander Yu Mushkin, Mikhail M Kostik
Veronika V Petukhova, Alexey S Maletin, Alexander Yu Mushkin, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Surgery, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russia
Alexander Yu Mushkin, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
Mikhail M Kostik, Hospital Pediatry, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
Author contributions: Petukhova VV and Maletin AS performed the research, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Mushkin AY and Kostik MM edited the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report having no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mikhail M Kostik, MD, PhD, Professor, Hospital Pediatry, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lytovskaya 2, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia. kost-mikhail@yandex.ru
Received: April 30, 2025 Revised: June 4, 2025 Accepted: September 1, 2025 Published online: October 18, 2025 Processing time: 169 Days and 18.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Non-bacterial osteomyelitis with vertebrae involvement has differences not only in clinical and laboratory features but also in the effectiveness of therapeutic options. The literature on this issue is extremely scarce, mainly focusing on the diagnostic and imaging features of the disease. The analysis of 63 publications (2005-2024) selected by the keywords "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis", "spine", "vertebral form of non-bacterial osteomyelitis", and "SAPHO" is presented. The researchers' consensus emphasizes the variety of radiation manifestations, the need to integrate whole-body magnetic resonance imaging into the diagnostic algorithm, the possibility of spinal complications (including spinal deformities and neurological complications), and the step-by-step principle of treatment, with a recommendation to include bisphosphonates in the first line of therapy.
